1. Progressive Politicians
10.2 Teddy Roosevelt Becomes President

2. 1900 Presidential Election
Republicans: William McKinley and Teddy Roosevelt
Democrat: William Jennings Bryan
McKinley and Roosevelt win in landslide – due to economy

3. Theodore Roosevelt = TR
Former Assistant Sec. of Navy
Had encouraged War with Spain
Led Rough Riders into battle in Cuba
Became Governor of New York
Reformed government and regulated big business = Very Progressive views
Now VP – age 42

4. Death of McKinley Buffalo, NY Pan American Exposition
President McKinley is assassinated by Anarchist Leon Czolgosz (Zol-gawsh)
Did it for the poor & forgotten
McKinley dies Sept. 14, 01
Sent to electric chair in Oct ‘01

6. Roosevelt Brings Progressivism to the Presidency
Presidents had governed with a hands-off approach
Roosevelt – man of extraordinary energy
Hated corruption and monopolies
Roosevelt used the office as a “bully pulpit” to make changes in policy

7. The United Mine Workers Strike & The Square Deal

8. The United Mine Workers Strike
1902 –
150,000 coal miners strike
Demand higher wages & recognition of their union
Sign petition asking president Roosevelt to intervene on their behalf

9. Conservatives vs. Progressives
Urge the TR to order the miners back to work
Progressives
Urge the TR to place the miners under federal control
TR – encourages both sides to agree to arbitration - 3rd party settles dispute
Threatens Fed. takeover to force mine owners to agreement

10. Compromise Reached Workers received higher wages and shorter days
Owners did not have to recognize the union
= First time federal government intervened to protect workers

11. “The Square Deal”
Roosevelt called the result of the mine strike a “square deal”
“The Square Deal” became Roosevelt’s 1904 campaign slogan
Easily wins reelection in 1904

12. Reform Under President Roosevelt

13. TR’s Reform: Trust-busting
Trust - Arrangement grouping several companies under a single board of directors to eliminate competition and to regulate production.
TR – believed big companies needed to behave responsibly
= look out for public good
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) – prohibited monopolies and trusts that restrained trade

14. Northern Securities Co. Case
1902 Roosevelt directs the attorney general to sue Northern Securities Co.
Company controlled by J.P. Morgan
(Owned General Electric and U.S. Steel)
Northern Securities Co monopolized shipping from Chicago to Northwest US

15. Northern Securities Co. Case
Supreme Court ruled –
The company violated the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Ordered the company dissolved

16. Trust-busting
TR launched trust-busting campaign - over 44 lawsuits against businesses that were against the public good
TR also regulated the Railroad industry –
Elkins Act – stop corporate rebates
Hepburn Act – set railroad rates

17. Food and Drug Co. Reform
By the 1900s it became clear many food distributors were selling dangerous products to the public
Chemicals made food look fresh
Ex: add formaldehyde to spoiled eggs
Also used in embalming
Drug Companies – sold Over-the-counter drugs contained cocaine and morphine

18. Upton Sinclair: The Jungle

19. Meatpacking Industry
Exposed by author Upton Sinclair in his book The Jungle
Rotten meat would lay on the floor and accidents would often happen
People and parts fell into meat grinder
Very dirty atmosphere
Sinclair – “I aimed at the public's heart, and by accident I hit it in the stomach”

20. Government Response
Meat Inspection Act Required federal inspection of meat shipped across state lines
Pure Food and Drug Act - Forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and medicine containing harmful ingredients
Must label ingredients

22. TR’s National Park System
TR – avid outdoorsmen and conservationist
= legacy
Knew that natural resources were limited – environment needed to be saved
Public land quickly being destroyed by big business

23. Gifford Pinchot Close friend of Roosevelt
Founder of the Conservation Movement
Convinced Roosevelt to protect the nation’s natural resources

24. Roosevelt’s Solution
Withdrew the sale of millions of acres of public land
Newlands Reclamation Act – Made damaged land usable
Established the US Forest Service and National Park Service
194 million acres for Nat. Parks
42 million acres of Nat. Forest
51 national wildlife refuges
Grand Canyon and Petrified Forest