1. Economic aspects of environmentally sound management of used batteries
Elena Bodíková
EIB Consult, s.r.o. Bratislava

2. Extended producer responsibility
based on the responsibility of producers / importers of batteries to establish and operate system of separate collection, treatment and recovery of used batteries what means also to finance whole system

3. Why EPR? Producer is able to influence: Product design
Hazardous materials (chemicals) content in the product
Consumers behaviour
Producer is responsible for:
Collection
Treatment
Recovery and recycling of waste produced from his products
Producer is obliged to:
Set up waste collection systems (separate collection of B&A)
Set up systems fot B&A treatment using BAT (treatment, recovery and recycling techniques
(= finance)

4. EPR
Producers must cooperate with producers (holders) of used batteries, as services and maintenance facilities as well as with municipalities to provide for separate collection of used batteries in order to fulfil legal limits of collection, given usually as a percentage of amount put on the market. The industrial association or governmental authority (ministry, agency…) collects data on amount of batteries put on the market during the years by every producer / importer. Every producer / importer can calculate his market share that is a base for calculation of the collection share.

5. EPR
The producer / importer is also obliged to fulfil recycling and recovery limits. He must cooperate also with the facilities dealing with the treatment and recovery of used lead batteries in the country or abroad. If the price of the treatment of used batteries is minus the producer / importer must pay also the costs connected with treatment.

6. Producer (importer) (collective scheme)
Ministry of Environmental Affairs
Scheme of the system
Financial guarantee
Registration
Collection (municipality, services, gas stations...)
Collective Scheme
Collection (municipality, services, gas stations...)
Producer (importer) (collective scheme)
Distributor
Distributor
Waste company Transport company
Waste company Transport company 
Treatment facility
Metal recycler
Recycler, landfill...
Finance Communication Wastes

7. Forms of fulfilling obligations
Producer can fulfil obligations:
individually or
collectively as a member of the collective scheme

8. Individual fulfilment of obligations
producer
reporting
Ministry of Environment
registration
Take-back
financial guarantee € €
municipality € € € €
municipality €
waste
Recycler, landfill...
municipality
municipality
Waste company
B&A treatment facility 8

9. Collective scheme Collective scheme Producer Producer Producer
agreement
agreement €
agreement
agreement €
Collective scheme € €
Take back
agreement
Collection co.
Collection co.
agreement
waste €
agreement
invoice
WEEE treatment
WEEE treatment
WEEE treatment
WEEE treatment 9

10. However, obtaining secondary lead from used lead batteries is economically attractive, cutting about 25 % from the energy bill compared with mining primary lead. In addition, batteries are a ubiquitous product with a predictable lifetime, and the large market for recycled lead creates economies of scale. As a result, battery manufacturers rely heavily on secondary lead, most of it sourced from recycled batteries.

11. Slovak example
Lead B&A: app €/year (excl. price for transport) (price for recycling of 1 ton of used lead B&A is 0,14 €/kg, contribution to Recycling Fund is 0,28 €/kg)

12. Thank you for your attention
Ing. Elena Bodíková, PhD. EIB Consult, s.r.o. Ivana Bukovčana Bratislava mobil: