1. INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT –NORTH AMERICA (INTEX-NA, or INTEX)
Recent Milestones:
May 2002: Go-ahead from NASA
July 2002: meeting with NOAA/AL (ITCT-2K4)
4-5 September 2002: joint INTEX-ITCT-2K4-COBRA planning meeting
15 September: revised white paper (Singh, Jacob, Pfister) for Aura Collaborative Science Strategy Document (Anderson)

2. INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT – NORTH AMERICA (INTEX)
OBJECTIVES:
(1) To quantify the outflow of climatically important trace gases and aerosols (CIGAs) from North America to the Atlantic, and relate this outflow to our understanding of North American sources and sinks;
(2) To understand the chemical evolution of the North American outflow over the Atlantic, and assess the implications for global influence and intercontinental transport of pollution;
(3) To quantify the transpacific transport of Asian pollution to North America.and its implications for surface air quality.
TWO AIRCRAFT: NASA DC-8 and P-3B
TWO PHASES: A (Jun-Jul 2004) and B (Mar-Apr 2006)

3. INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGY FOR INTEX
LINK WITH TERRA, ENVISAT, AQUA, AURA, OCO (phase B)
LINK WITH ITOP, DLR
Satellite
validation
GLOBAL
INFLUENCE
Pacific inflow
Processing, ventilation,
scavenging FT
Outflow to Atlantic,
chemical aging
LINK WITH
CNRS/SA BL
TRANSPACFIC
POLLUTION
INFLUENCE
LINK WITH
ITCT-2K4, COBRA
TOP-DOWN ESTIMATES
OF SOURCES, SINKS
TRANSATLANTIC
POLLUTION
INFLUENCE
NORTH AMERICA
A priori estimates of surface sources/sinks

4. INTEX OPERATIONAL SITES (PHASE A)
Pease AFB, NH
DC-8, joint with ITCT-2K4 (NOAA P-3B)
Chemical
aging
Seattle, WA
DC-8 overnight site
PBL ventilation,
deep convection, fire plumes
N Atlantic
outflow
Transcontinental
transects
Eastern U.S.
transects
St. Louis, MO
DC-8 and P-3B
Wallops, VA
P-3B
Edwards AFB, CA
DC-8 overnight

5. PRIORITY CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS FOR INTEX
Priority 1 (mission critical): O3 (in situ and remote), aerosols (remote), H2O, CO2, CO
Priority 2 (very important): NO, NO2, PAN, HNO3, NOy, CH4, N2O, speciated hydrocarbons, halocarbons, peroxides, carbonyls, OH, HO2, RO2, SO2, H2SO4, aerosol composition, size distribution, optical properties
Priority 3 (important): Organic nitrates, single particle composition, radionuclides, alcohols, H2O (remote)
Priority 5 (exploratory): NH3, HNO2, HNO4
No distinction of priorities between DC-8 and P-3B payloads

6. WHAT IS AMMA? (formerly WAM)
African Monsoon Multidimensional Analysis
OR/OU –
Analyse Multidimensionelle de la Mousson Africaine
Multiyear monsoon dynamics experiment led by France/UK/Germany/U.S.
International Science Plan presently being written
(U.S. lead: Chris Thorncroft, SUNYA)
Focus in wet season and shoulders (Apr-Oct)
First operational phase: Apr-Oct 2005
Plan for an “AMMA-dry” (Jan-Feb) led by radiation/chemistry community:
Interaction of biomass burning, dust, other continental influences
Validation of Aura, Parasol, Calipso, Cloudsat is strong focus
Leads: D. Tanre (France), J. Haywood (UK), M. Wendisch (Germany)
U.S. interest: radiation (Y. Kaufman, S. Ackerman), chemistry (Jacob, Browell, Brune, Crawford, Logan, Singh,…) - draft white paper available -
Timing: Jan-Feb 2005 or 2006
European resources: Mystere 20, BA-e146 aircraft, lidars, ground/island sites
High-altitude aircraft (e.g., WB-57) is crucial

7. NASA COMPONENT OF AMMA: an AURA collaborative science mission
OBJECTIVES:
To understand the interactions between biomass burning, the biosphere, human activity, lightning, and dust in determining tropospheric ozone and aerosol production over western Africa;
To understand the mechanisms for outflow of ozone, aerosols, and their precursors from western Africa to the global troposphere;
To characterize the transatlantic transport of this outflow;
To provide Aura tropospheric validation data in a complex and highly variable tropical environment where TOMS appears to experience difficulties.
TWO PHASES:
Winter mission (Jan-Feb) with emphasis on biomass burning (top priority)
Summer mission (Jun-Aug) with emphasis on monsoon and dust
PLATFORMS: WB-57 (essential), DC-8 (desirable)

8. WESTERN AFRICA IS A PARTICULARLY ACTIVE AND COMPLEX REGION OF THE TROPICS
Harmattan Flux
Dust
Anthropogenic
Biofuel
Savanna
Lightning
Biomass Burning
Forest
Ocean
Biomass Burning
Monsoon Flux
Celine Mari, LA Toulouse

9. ATSR FIRE COUNTS (1997) Western Africa is one of the world’s most active biomass burning regions

10. LARGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MODEL AND TOMS TROPOSPHERIC OZONE COLUMNS OVER W. AFRICA
GEOS-CHEM
TOMS (CCD)- 1997
DJF
MAM
JJA
SON
Martin et al. [2002]

11. LIS LIGHTNING FLASHES (2000) Western Africa is one of the world’s most active lightning regions
DJF
JJA

12. WESTERN AFRICA IS ONE OF THE DUSTIEST REGIONS ON EARTH

13. DUST OVER WESTERN AFRICA CAN HAVE COMPLEX EFFECTS ON SATELLITE RETRIEVALS
SeaWIFS “true-color” data (obtained from R. Husar)

14. INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGY FOR AMMA-dry
SATELLITES
MODELS
AIRCRAFT, SONDES, GROUND
Aura: Ozone, CO,
H2O,NO, NO2, HNO3,
CH4, HCHO, …
3-D CTM forecasts
and analyses
Parasol, Calipso, Cloudsat…
WB-57 aircraft (+DC-8?)
European surface sites, lidars, aircraft
Strong links to AVE and TC3