1. In Portuguese Watermarks
Family Coat of Arms
In Portuguese Watermarks
Maria José Santos | Paper Museum Terras de Santa Maria
Henrique Castro | Universidade Nova de Lisboa

2. Paper Museum Terras de Santa Maria I

3. First Portuguese Watermark I

4. Class I T Heraldry; coat of arms; mason’s marks; merchant´s marks
Subclass I T 1 Coat of arms
Subclassification I T 1/2 Coat of arms identified; in alphabetical order according to countries, towns and families
I T 1/2/1 Portugal coat of arms
Description I Shield of Portugal charged with five escutcheons (quinas) forming a cross. Crest: a crown.
Watermark dimension I 45 mm X 23 mm (height X width)
Date I 1536
Origin of the paper I It was produced at Leiria paper mill (established in 1411) or at one of Cernache, Coimbra paper mills. Coeval documents testify the existence of two paper mills in Cernache, in 1431 and in 1514.

5. Watermark from Real Fábrica de Papel e Almaço I

6. Class I T Heraldry; coat of arms; mason’s marks; merchant´s marks
Subclass I T 1 Coat of arms
Subclassification I T 1/2 Coat of arms identified; in alphabetical order according to countries, towns and families
I T 1/2/1 Portugal coat of arms
Description I Shield of Portugal charged with five escutcheons (quinas) forming a cross. “Red bordure” charged with seven castles. The shield is surrounded by two branches of laurel, tied in the base with a necklace. Crest: a royal crown. Beneath the shield, the abbreviations R. F. DE P. & A, corresponding to the initials of the factory´s name: Real Fábrica de Papel & Almaço
Date I 1835
Origin of the paper I It was produced in Real Fábrica de Papel e Almaço (Fábrica do Engenho Novo), Paços de Brandão, Santa Maria da Feira. Founded in Founder: Priest José Pinto de Almeida.
Papermaker: João José de Azevedo Aguiar Brandão, 1824 – 1866

7. Portuguese Coat of Arms I

8. Portuguese Family Coat of Arms I

9. Aranha’s Family Coat of Arms I

10. Watermark from Real Fábrica de Papel e Almaço I

11. "Appropriation" of Brandão's Coat of Arms I

12. Thank you for your attention
Maria José Santos
Henrique Castro