1. Bell Ringer What industries did the railroads positively affect?
What groups of people were brought to America to help build the Transcontinental Railroad?
What does Laissez-faire mean in your own words?
Who were some of the Robber Baron’s of the Gilded Age? Who/What are 2 examples of Robber Baron’s today?
Bell Ringer

2. US-U5-L2
Immigration introductory video:

3. SSUSH12 a-c
a. Describe Ellis Island, the change in immigrants’ origins to southern and eastern Europe and the impact of this change on urban America.
b. Identify the American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers.
c. Describe the growth of the western population and its impact on Native Americans with reference to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee.

4. Ellis Island
Ellis Island (NY) was the entry point for most European immigrants.
Angel Island (CA) was the entry point for most Asian immigrants.
Immigrants had to pass medical, mental, and legal exams and have at least $25 in order to enter into the U.S.
Ellis Island video:

5. European Immigration
Up until the 1880s most European immigrants came from Northern and Western Europe (Ireland, England, Germany). Many of these “looked” like Americans, and had similar religious and cultural backgrounds
Beginning in the late 1880s, a change began to occur in the origin of immigrants. These “new” immigrants began arriving from eastern and southern Europe (Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia). By the end of the 1800’s, 80 % of the people living in NY were foreign born.
Light skinned Englishman on left and darker skinned Greek man on right

6. The “New” Immigrants
Many of these new immigrants didn’t speak English, came from non-democratic governments, had differing religions, and didn’t “look” American.
Immigrants from many places created a society of “cultural pluralism”. This is where there is a presence of many different cultures within one society.

7. Immigration Impacts Urban America
These new immigrants often settled together in east coast cities (Little Italy, Chinatown, etc.), and worked in low paying factory jobs. Where they settled together was called an ethnic ghetto due to their common culture, language, and heritage
This new wave of
immigrants caused the
emergence of nativism:
an extreme dislike of
immigrants
Why would these new
immigrants want to settle
together in cities?

8. Immigrant workers
Immigrants, and poorer Americans, often worked as unskilled laborers in jobs that did not offer vacation time, but did offer unsafe conditions, long days, and low wages.
Because of these problems the workers began to band together to stand up for themselves, eventually forming labor unions.

9. The American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers was the first leader of the AFL (a labor union): which promoted 8 hour work days, collective bargaining, and closed shops
Collective bargaining is a process of negotiations between employers and the representatives of a unit of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate working conditions.
The AFL stayed out of politics and rejected communist ideas
The AFL is still in existence today and is now called the AFL-CIO
Definition of collective bargaining:

10. Bell Ringer
Which industry was the biggest customer for the steel companies after Reconstruction was completed?
A Wool
B Fishing
C Railroad
D Cattle
What man created a monopoly on oil in America?
A John Steinbeck
B Samuel Gompers
C Thomas Edison
D John D. Rockefeller
What impact did the building of railroads have on the steel industry?
A it caused the steel industry to collapse
B it increased the demand for female labor in America
C it increased the demand for steel
D it had little impact since steel was not used to build the railroads
Which of the following was used as a location to test Chinese immigrants for health and welfare in America?
A Hawaiian Island
B Ellis island
C Angel island
D Midway island

11. Affects of Westward Expansion on Native Americans
Americans moved westward in the 1860s to become ranchers, miners, and farmers.
The settlers began to encroach on Native American hunting grounds and broke numerous treaties
How would fences
that were constructed
by farmers and ranchers
affect Native Americans?

12. Sitting Bull Sitting Bull was a Sioux leader.
The US military had signed a treaty with the Sioux people stating that no white people would settle on Sioux land in the Dakotas, but then gold was discovered there and the white people wanted to buy back the land from the Sioux. Sitting Bull refused.
Sitting Bull and his followers fought the US army, were exiled to Canada, and then finally agreed to settle on a reservation.

13. Leading up to the Battle of Wounded Knee
By the late 1880s most western Indian tribes had been resettled onto reservations
Sitting Bull, who helped defeat Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn, had moved onto a reservation and began performing the “Ghost Dance” which his followers believed would bring back the buffalo, and make the settlers disappear
Sitting Bull was ordered to stop, but refused and was killed while being arrested

14. Wounded Knee
Many of Sitting Bulls followers fled the reservation after his death and camped at Wounded Knee Creek with other Sioux
The U.S Cavalry, which was sent to escort the Sioux back to the reservation, attempted to disarm them and a fight broke out

15. Wounded Knee
In the massacre that followed, nearly 200 Sioux men, women and children were killed
Many of the injured froze to death
Wounded Knee led many to question the treatment of Native Americans, and was the last major resistance by Native Americans

16. Closing Where did most Asian immigrants enter into the US?
Where did most European immigrants enter into the US?
What was the term used to describe people’s hatred of the new immigrants? Why did they feel this way?
What were the Sioux doing to cause the Army to want to attack? In your opinion was this a valid response?