1. Quote from the Diet of Worms
Best title for a church meeting ever

2. The Reformation for the 21st Century
A Look Back in History
An Assessment of Its Meaning For Us Today, Week 4
Issues and Answers, October 22, 2017

3. “A person who gives this some thought and yet does not regard music as a marvelous creation of God, must be a clodhopper indeed and does not deserve to be called a human being; he should be permitted to hear nothing but the braying of asses and the grunting of hogs.” Martin Luther on Music from R.J. Grunewold, “The Art of Law and Gospel”
Right before the Diet or Worms

4. Class Outline
Today: The Sacraments, The Diet of Worms and the aftermath; The Doctrine of Justification by Faith
Oct 29: The Doctrine of Justification, the spread of the reformation and meaning for us today
Nov 5: Stan Ott
Nov 12: Clay and Becky Walter

5. Last Time The Posting of the 95 Theses The Three Disputations
A plea for an academic debate on the abuse of indulgences
What they were being used for
Disputing the Pope’s exclusive claim on the status of persons before God
And worst of all, the assault on the well-being of the sinner.
The Three Disputations
Heidelberg with the Dominicans
Augsburg interviews by Cardinal Cajeton; Harp ref.
Leipzig debate with John Eck
Pope and only the pope had the keys handed down from St Peter
Widespread use of buying church offices through the practice of simony
Surplus merit dispensed
Means to be declared righteous, to be made righteous, not to achieve righteousness
First time Luther understood the gospel – he now saw the gospel in the rest of the scriptures
Julius had annexed land even spilling blood to acquire it – his dream was to build a new bascillica suitable for housing the bones of Peter and Paul.
After his death succeeded by the Medici pope Leo who as one historian noted was a “Severe trial for the church”. Leo depleted the coffers of the church and was on the brink of bankruptcy so that St Peters construction had to be halted and weeds took over the land.
Most important key was the key to the treasury of merit
Leo had bankrupted the church
At the same time, a young German prince rose to power
Technically too young to be prince and he had two bishoprics rather than a limit of 1 acquiring them through the practice of simony. Third bishopric became available.
Simon magus had tried to purchase the HS from Peter who retorted, “may your money perish with you”. Albert did not have the funds to by a third bishopric so
Deal cut in which in exchange for the right to sell indulgences throughout Germany, half the proceeds had to be sent to Rome for the St Peter’s building fund and the rest sent to German Fuggar bankers.

6. Sacraments: From 7 to 2 Book, “The Babylonian Captivity”
Repudiation of Ordination
Change to Baptism
Luther strengthens it from the Roman Church view that obstacles could stand in the way
Used to “quench sin”
Luther thought it could soften the heart of even the most ardent sinner – but it about dying to self and being resurrected to new life
Baptism’s agent is God – it is not something we do
Gospel is not about making bad people good
It is about making dead people alive!
Repudiation of Ordination
Demolished the caste system of clericalism
Provided basis for Priesthood of All Believers
Ordination, Luther argued is a right of the church by which a minister is installed to discharge a particular office
Such a man Receives no indelible character, is not exempt from jurisdiction of civil courts, and is not empowered by such ordination to perform other sacraments
At this point, Luther argued, what a priest does any Christian may do if commissioned by the local congregation because all Christians are priests!
Baptism – not a Second receipt of Christ in your life’ only one vow required
Mass is a repetition of the cross and the incarnation
When the bread and wine are transubstantiated, God again becomes flesh and Christ again dies upon the altar
Luther’s concern was theological - mass is mystical not magical Faith is given by God when where and to whom he will and even without the sacrament is efficacious, whereas the reverse is not true that the sacrament is of efficacy without faith. “I may be wrong on indulgences declared Luther but as to the need for faith in the sacraments I will die before I recant

7. Sacraments – Lord’s Supper
Change to the Lord’s supper (3 objections)
Transubstantiation rejected
Error, not heresy
“Accidents” of a thing are not present
Christ is present nonetheless
Christ is “in and under the elements”
But, he later rejects Zwingli and the view that the sacraments are merely symbolic
They are always connected to promise

8. Sacraments – Lord’s Supper
Wine to be given to the believer
Limits of Church Authority
Christ did not withhold the cup – exegetical objection
Christ served the people; so should the priest – ethical objection
Ministers exist for the sake of the congregants
Luther’s view of the church was derived from his view of the sacraments
Individual accounting to God not humanist individualism like we have in America today
Bainton, page 109

9. Sacraments – Lord’s Supper
Third objection – mass is not a good work or a sacrifice; confuses law and gospel
Rather, it is to be connected to promise and always accompanied by the preaching the Word
Luther on preaching – something offered but only received as beneficial to those who receive it by faith
Not beneficial to all

10. Penance Had been evacuated of meaning
It has been abused –used to bully and cajole
Luther argues it is to convict of sin and to proclaim salvation -
Preaching is not just a declaration – it changes things
“Be reconciled to God”
Preaching is creating something; it inspires the listener for who receives it by faith
For Luther it is the best antidote to our problems

11. The Charges Laid Forth Against Luther
Charges were augmented now beyond just the indulgence controversy
Now the divine origin and rule of the papacy at Leipzig
The breach of the sacraments made the situation irreparable said Erasmus
Luther retorted that none of the charges against him drew upon scripture
“Why do we bit abolish the gospel and turn instead to them? Strange that handworkers give sounder judgment than theologians! If they burn my books I will repeat what I have said. In this I am so bold that for it I will suffer death. When Christ was filled with scorn against the Pharisees and Paul was outraged by the blindness of the Athenians what I beg you shall I do?”
Nothing further in correspondence came to Luther until March when an attempt was made to silence him through the Augustinian order.
Staupitx resigns as vicar
An appeal was made to Frederick
A gathering of some 40 theologians, cardinals from the Franciscans, Dominicans and Augustinians met – trying to decide what to do with Luther’s writings, books and his person.

12. Leo X issues The Papal Bull of 1520
Condemns Luther as a heretic

13. The Papal Bull of 1520 “Exurge Domine”
Translated means, “Rise Up, Oh Lord, there is wild boar in your vineyard”
It condemns Luther as a heretic requesting 52 of his 95 theses to be retracted
Leipzig militia carry it there
Luther learns about it and writes to Spalatin
Frederick the Wise asks for a response from Luther
No one in electoral Saxony acts on the bull
Shortly thereafter, many of Luther’s works were copied and burned in the square of St. Peter’s.
In turn, the papal bull was burned in a bonfire at Wittenberg.
The swords are now drawn on both sides
John Eck of Leipzig fame goes to Rome to report on Luther. As a result, pope convenes a committee including Eck and Cajeton to generate the bull on June 15, 1520l.
It is proclaimed in public on July 24.
No reference to justification by faith
It is call for ex-communication based on his views of baptism and the Lord’s supper.
The papal bull proceeds through the empire except for electoral Saxony due to Frederck the Wise influence. Luther is winning the public opinion debate and writes to Charles the 5th to try to persuade him.
Shortly thereafter, many of Luther’s works had been copied and burned in the square of St. Peter’s.
The Leipzig militia carries the papal bull into electoral Saxony arriving on Oct 10
The news reaches Wittenberg three months later at which point a copy of the papal bull was burned in a bonfire at Wittenberg.

14. The transmission of ideas
Printing press
Pamphlets
Frederick the Wise meets with Erasmus
Erasmus says Luther has “attacked the Pope’s power and the monk’s bellies” but otherwise aligns with Luther
Erasmus was your typical archetype “Christianity is a way of life, not a set of doctrines”
Frederick the Wise leaks Erasmus letters to the public forcing him to write his diatribe on free will.
Luther responds in 1524 with “Bondage of the Will”

15. The call for Luther to appear
Debate over someone who has been ex- communicated can actually appear at a council
Frederick the Wise persuades Charles to allow Luther to present his views.
Risky for the church and for Luther because 90% of Germans support Luther
Finally Luther receives an imperial summons to the city of Worms
He leaves on April 29, preaching to packed houses along the way.
Where does wisdom come in a culture?
Arrives in Worms on April 16

16. The Diet of Worms, April 1520
Again, Luther believed he would be able to engage in a reasoned debate and the opportunity to present his case.
What can we learn from this?
Again, Luther was advised not to go to Worms
“The town will be filled with devils out to get you”
Charges were augmented now beyond just the indulgence controversy
Now the divine origin and rule of the papacy at Leipzig
The breach of the sacraments made the situation irreparable said Erasmus
Luther retorted that none of the charges against him drew upon scripture
“Why do we bit abolish the gospel and turn instead to them? Strange that handworkers give sounder judgment than theologians! If they burn my books I will repeat what I have said. In this I am so bold that for it I will suffer death. When Christ was filled with scorn against the Pharisees and Paul was outraged by the blindness of the Athenians what I beg you shall I do?”
Nothing further in correspondence came to Luther until March when an attempt was made to silence him through the Augustinian order.
Staupitx resigns as vicar
An appeal was made to Frederick
A gathering of some 40 theologians, cardinals from the Franciscans, Dominicans and Augustinians met – trying to decide what to do with Luther’s writings, books and his person.

17. Diet of Worms Streets lined with peasants cheering for Luther
Over 2,000 people escorted him to his lodging
The next day at 4 PM Luther is escorted to a meeting of the emperor, the electors, and others.
Luther examined by the Archbishop of Trier a man named Eck, not the Eck of Leipzig
Bainton, p 141- day one
Luther’s prayer that night
The following day

18. Next Week The Aftermath of the Diet and the spread of the Reformation
Justification by Faith and the Five Solas of the Reformation
Summary and discussion