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Nursing Care of Patients with Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders
Chapter 30 Nursing Care of Patients with Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders
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Learning Outcomes Explain the pathophysiologies of disorders of the upper respiratory tract. Describe etiologies, signs, and symptoms of disorders of the upper respiratory tract. Describe current therapeutic measures for disorders of the upper respiratory tract.
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Learning Outcomes (cont’d)
Plan nursing care for the patient with an upper respiratory disorder. Discuss how you will know if your care has been effective. Identify the special needs of the patient who has undergone a laryngectomy.
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Epistaxis Causes Trauma Hypertension Hemophilia Medications
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Epistaxis Therapeutic Interventions Positioning- lean forward
Direct Pressure Ice Nasal Packing Nasal Balloon Catheter Vasoconstrictive Agent Electrocautery
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Nasal Polyps Usually Benign Occur More Often with Allergies Treatment
Control Allergies Surgery Avoid Aspirin Post-op
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Deviated Septum Symptoms Treatment Stuffy Nose Blocked Sinus Drainage
Headaches Treatment Nasoseptoplasty
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Nursing Care Post Nasoseptoplasty
Monitor Vital Signs/Bleeding Report Excess Swallowing Monitor Dressing Teach Avoid Activities that Increase Pressure Avoid Aspirin
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Sinusitis Inflammation of Sinus Mucosa Signs and Symptoms Bacterial
Allergic Signs and Symptoms Pain Over Affected Sinus -maxillary sinus-pain over cheek and upper teeth -ethmoid sinus- pain between and behind the eyes -frontal sinus- pain in the forehead Fever Nasal Discharge
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Sinusitis Therapeutic Interventions Saline Irrigation
Intranasal Corticosteroids Decongestants Hot Packs Acetaminophen/ Ibuprofen Humidification Oral Fluids Positioning Antibiotics Surgical Drainage
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Apnea During Sleep Risk Factors Obesity High Palate Receded Mandible Smoking
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Complications Heart Disease Hypertension Stroke Diabetes Signs and Symptoms Snoring Daytime Sleepiness Headache Memory and Attention Problems
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Diagnosis Nocturnal Polysomnography Treatment Avoid HS Sedatives Lose Weight Nasal Patch NIPPV Surgery
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Infectious Disorders Rhinitis Pharyngitis Laryngitis Tonsillitis
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Prevention of Influenza
Yearly Vaccination Handwashing Avoidance of Infected People
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Influenza Signs and Symptoms Therapeutic Interventions Fever Chills
Myalgia Sore Throat Cough Malaise Headache Therapeutic Interventions Acetaminophen Avoid Aspirin Antiviral Agents Rest Fluids
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New Viruses Bird Flu SARS Swine Flu (H1N1) West Nile
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Nursing Diagnoses: Upper Respiratory Infection
Impaired Comfort Hyperthermia Risk for Infection: Transmission to Others
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Cancer of the Larynx Pathophysiology Etiology
Primary Tumor of Mucosal Epithelium Metastasizes to Lungs, Liver, Lymph Nodes Etiology Associated with Smoking, Alcohol More Common in Men
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Cancer of the Larynx Signs and Symptoms Hoarseness Change in Voice
Pain Dyspnea Cough Dysphagia Airway Obstruction
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Cancer of the Larynx Diagnosis Laryngoscopy CT MRI
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Cancer of the Larynx Therapeutic Interventions Radiation Chemotherapy
Laryngectomy
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Cancer of the Larynx Postoperative Nursing Diagnoses
Ineffective Airway Clearance Acute Pain Impaired Verbal Communication Imbalanced Nutrition Impaired Swallowing Grieving Disturbed Body Image
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Speech
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Review Question Ice packs are used for epistaxis for which reason?
Promote comfort Promote vasoconstriction Reduce swelling Reduce congestion
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Review Question Answer
Ice packs are used for epistaxis for which reason? Promote comfort Promote vasoconstriction Reduce swelling Reduce congestion
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Review Question What nursing instructions should be provided following septoplasty? Select all that apply. Maintain semi-Fowler’s position Take stool softeners as prescribed Use ice for swelling Blow nose gently to remove clots Expect a low grade fever for 3 days
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Review Question Answer
What nursing instructions should be provided following septoplasty? Select all that apply. Maintain semi-Fowler’s position Take stool softeners as prescribed Use ice for swelling Blow nose gently to remove clots Expect a low grade fever for 3 days
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Review Question Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a sore throat? Warm moist pack Hot tea Bedrest Salt water gargle
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Review Question Answer
Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a sore throat? Warm moist pack Hot tea Bedrest Salt water gargle
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Review Question Which patient is most at risk for complications of influenza? 46 year old teacher 19 year old student 78 year old retiree 32 year old factory worker
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Review Question Answer
Which patient is most at risk for complications of influenza? 46 year old teacher 19 year old student 78 year old retiree 32 year old factory worker
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Review Question What are common risk factors for laryngeal cancer?
Select all that apply. Female Smoker Obesity Alcohol abuse Diet low in fruits and vegetables
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Review Question What are common risk factors for laryngeal cancer?
Select all that apply. Female Smoker Obesity Alcohol abuse Diet low in fruits and vegetables
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