1. Term 2 with a sprinkle of Term 1
Review Jeopardy!
Term 2 with a sprinkle of Term 1

2. Rules of Play
You must try all problems, even if it is not your team’s turn
Observe rules for sigfigs when asked
You may only converse during “go time,” the time after the question is explained
If Alyssa asks you or your team to settle down, you must do so willingly and immediately

3. 100 200 300 400 500 Energy flows and ecological pyramids
Productivity, photosynthesis and respiration
Carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle
Grab bag calc’s: diversity indexes and biomass
100
200
300
400
500

4. Energy flows and ecological pyramids - 100
State the difference between a flow and a standing stock, and give an example of each.
A flow is a rate, so it’s “per unit time,” whereas a standing stock is just a value at specific point in time. Energy can be a flow when expressed as a rate of use or dissipation, and the total biomass of producers in an area would be a standing stock if it were expressed as gm-2, for example.

5. Energy flows and ecological pyramids - 200
What type of ecological pyramid is shown here? Is this a standing stock or a flow? State which type of organism would be the most vulnerable to extinction.
Numbers pyramid
Standing stock
Osprey

6. Energy flows and ecological pyramids - 300
Determine the % of energy transferred from the primary consumers to the secondary consumers. Use at least one law of thermodynamics to explain why this value makes sense.
(600 kJ/7000 kJ) x 100 = 8.6%, 2nd law implies that energy will be transferred in a less and less useful form with every transfer, and the energy that’s used in respiration cannot be reacquired in a useful form.

7. Energy flows and ecological pyramids - 400
Determine the: % of incoming solar radiation that is:
abs. by land/oceans
absorbed by atmosphere
reflected at earth’s surface
Identify which type of radiation is implied by the red arrows
51%, 19%, 4%
Red arrows represent IR radiation or “long-wave” radiation

8. Energy flows and ecological pyramids - 500
Explain the process that is being shown at left, with reference to the pyramid structure of ecosystems.
This is the bioaccumulation of DDT. Since DDT is fat-soluble and long-lived, it will not be excreted by animals easily. Because of the pyramid structure of ecosystems, the concentration of the pollutant will be continue to increase as you go higher up the food chain. (explain further)

9. Productivity, photosynthesis and respiration - 100
Identify the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis, and the inputs and outputs of respiration.
State whether photosynthesis and respiration are transfer or transformation processes.
Photo. in: CO2, H2O, sunlight, out: O2 and C6H12O6
Resp. in: O2 and C6H12O6, out: CO2, H2O, heat
Transformation processes

10. Productivity, photosynthesis and respiration - 200
Consider a deciduous forest ecosystem. Would you expect net primary productivity to be higher during the daytime hours or during the nighttime hours? Explain your answer.
NPP is higher during the daytime, b/c at night only respiration occurs but both photosynthesis and respiration occur during the day

11. Productivity, photosynthesis and respiration - 300
Light energy used by plants 1,440,000
sunlight falling on plants 6,000,000
primary producers
72,000
11,520
primary consumers
1,440
secondary consumers
R = 60,480
R = 6,480
Fecal losses = 3,600
R = 695
Fecal losses = 350
Determine the percentage of GSP that is lost to respiration for the primary consumers. Units are kg m-2 y-1
{6480/(11, )} x 100 = 81.8%

12. Productivity, photosynthesis and respiration - 400
Light energy used by plants 1,440,000
sunlight falling on plants 6,000,000
primary producers
72,000
11,520
primary consumers
1,440
secondary consumers
R = 60,480
R = 6,480
Fecal losses = 3,600
R = 695
Fecal losses = 350
Determine NEP, the net productivity for the entire ecosystem (NSP + NPP) units are kg m-2 y-1
11, ,440+ ( ) = 13,355 kg m-2 y-1

13. Productivity, photosynthesis and respiration - 500
Connect the concepts of photosynthesis and respiration to the concepts of transformations, the carbon cycle, and primary productivity.
Photosynthesis and respiration are both transformations, and p. absorbs carbon from the atmosphere while r. release carbon to the atmosphere. NPP is the carbon fixed by photosynthesis minus the carbon used in respiration, while GPP is the carbon fixed by photosynthesis before its use.

14. Carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle - 100
Identify one storage of carbon in the carbon cycle and one storage of nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle.
Answers vary: ex: trees as a carbon sink in carbon cycle, atmosphere as a source of nitrogen in nitrogen cycle.

15. Carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle - 200
Explain two human actions that disrupt the carbon cycle, and make sure you state the consequences of these actions.
Extraction of coal and oil depletes carbon storages, burning of fossil fuels adds additional carbon to the atmosphere. This disrupts the balance of the cycle, and CO2 is a greenhouse gas, so increased concentrations of CO2 in the troposphere have lead to global warming.

16. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle - 300
Identify a transformation process in the nitrogen cycle that (directly or indirectly) removes nitrogen from the atmosphere, and explain this transformation process in terms of inputs, outputs.
Ex: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules of legumes help transform N2 gas from the atmosphere into NH3, ammonia, which can then be converted to nitrate through the process of nitrification.

17. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle - 400
Why do organisms need nitrogen, and how do they acquire it? Your answer should be a detailed as possible.
Nitrogen is needed for essential amino acids and nucleic acids in DNA. Herbivores eat plants, who acquire nitrate from the soil, which has been fixed and then nitrified (N2NH3NO2- NO3-)

18. Grab Bag Calc’s - 200
Calculate Simpson’s Diversity Index for the following site.
Species # of individuals
common backswimmer 12
stonefly larva 8
silver water beetle 2
caddisfly larva 3
water spider 5
D = 4.05 = ((30*29)/((12*11)+(8*7)+(2*1)+(3*2)+(5*4)))

19. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle - 500
Identify two sinks in the diagram of the carbon cycle above

20. Grab Bag Calc’s- 100
Caculate the average species richness of flora species for the Riverina and Broken Hill Complex sites. Tell me your estimated numbers.

21. Grab Bag Calc’s - 300
If there is 600 kg of dry mass in the producers in a 1 m2 area, calculate the biomass of the autotrophs (in kg/m2) of an 1200 m2 area with a similar composition of primary producers.
720,000 kg/m2

22. Grab Bag Calc’s - 400
Explain a specific method for determining the biomass of a named producer in certain area (at a certain point in time) in kg/m2.
Collect all biomass in several quadrats (determine number and size of quadrates based on producer size and habitat type) and dry and weigh biomass. Determine the average biomass in kg per quadrat (1 m2 perhaps) and multiply accordingly by total number of quadrats to determine biomass in kg/m2.

23. Grab Bag Calc’s - 500
21 000
Energy input
Producers
Herbivores X
3300
380
Decomposers
4200
720 90
13 000
2200
270
Respiratory loss
1960
Determine the percent of original energy input that is “lost” to respiration.
=(( )/21000) x 100= 83%