1. Jorge Alejandro Peña Muñoz Sebastian García-Luna
The battery
Marco García Macías
Jorge Alejandro Peña Muñoz
Sebastian García-Luna
Carlos Mendez

2. What is a battery? voltage (U) Capacity (Ah) Intensity(A)
An electrical battery is one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy
voltage (U)
Capacity (Ah)
Intensity(A)

3. Lead acid battery
Despite having a very low energy-to-weight ratio and a low energy-to-volume ratio, their ability to supply high surge currents means that the cells maintain a relatively large power-to-weight ratio. These features, along with their low cost, make them attractive for use in motor vehicles to provide the high current required by automobile starter motors.

4. Lead Acid battery:
Nominal voltage : 2,1 V
Life : ¾ years

5. Why a lead acid battery?
- cheap - resistant - high intensity - good availability - easy manipulation - no memory effect - non polluting

6. Disadvantages: -energy density - weight
-Autodischarge (about 1% per day )
Low temperatures affect the battery
- Lead sulfatation

7. Stationary batteries
Stationary batteries are used for applications where power is necesary only on a standby or emergency basis. Stationary batteries are seldom discharged.

8. Car batteries
An automotive battery is a type of rechargeable battery that supplies electric energy to an automobile. Usually this refers to an SLI battery (starting, lighting, ignition) to power the starter motor, the lights, and the ignition system of a vehicle’s engine. This may also describe a traction battery used for the main power source of an electric vehicle.

9. Important information:
-the nominal voltage is equal to the addition of each plate.
-when the battery is down to 11,8v, it’s consided discharged.
-The battery’s capacity represents the quantity of energy available in the component (Amp/hour).
-The battery’s load deteriorates with time.
- The lead acid battery is that which has the worst mass energy (35 Wh / kg) of all types of batteries including the Nickel/Iron battery. Yet, as it is able to provide a high current intensity, it is widely used especially in motor vehicles.
- It is not affected by memory effect.

10. Lead acid battery activators
The activators
Sulfation represents the accumulation of lead sulfate on the electrodes. This phenomenon arises naturally in every discharge of the battery, and disappears during a refill.
Lead acid battery activators
They significantly inhibit the formation of sulfate deposits on new lead-acid batteries that are used. The battery’s lifespan increases considerably.

11. Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Circuit breakers are made in various sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city.
In a case where there is a charger of 10, 16, 25 or 40ª, it is necessary to use two circuit breakers for the protection of 230VAC GFCI 16A / 30mA devices.

12. Charge/Uncharge graphic

13. Conversor
Analonumeric conversor.

14. Graëtz bridge

15. The pic 16f452
This sort of microchip is used to have a file storage of analogic information to save or process them. It is commonly used on systems requiring analogic measures.