1. Lecture 11 : Space Exploration
AVIATION HISTORY
Lecture 11 : Space Exploration

2. Space exploration is the use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space

3. Space Exploration
The exploration of space began , with the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, which the Soviets sent into orbit in
Globally, 43 countries now have their own observing or communication satellites in Earth orbit.

4. First Human go to Space
Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space in
Valentina Tereshkova
On July 20, 1969, Astronaut Neil Armstrong took “a giant step for mankind” as he stepped onto the moon.

5. What is Satellites??
A satellite is something that goes around and around a larger something, like the earth or another planet.
Some satellites are natural, like the moon, which is a natural satellite of the earth.

6. What is satellites
Satellites are made by scientists and technologists to go around the earth (orbiting) and do certain jobs.
Satellites have many applications including communications, weather observations and military uses.
All satellites use microwaves for sending information.
These waves travel at the speed of light and are able to pass through the Earth’s atmosphere.
On Earth we can receive satellite data through ground station

7. A space shuttle goes about 17,500 mph to keep its self flying.
How go to outer space
A space shuttle goes about 17,500 mph to keep its self flying.

9. How Does a Satellite Get Into Space?
A satellite is launched or sent to the space by using the rocket.
Satellites are launched from the places near the ocean, so that when the first rocket stage falls away, it lands in the water and not on people.
Examples of places to launch rocket in the world are: Cape Canaveral, Florida; Kourou, French Guiana; Xichang, China, and Baikonur, Kazakstan.
A satellite is launched on a launch vehicle, which is like a taxicab for satellites. The satellite is packed carefully into the vehicle and carried into space, powered by a rocket engine.
Satellites are launched from only a few places in the world, primarily Cape Canaveral, Florida; Kourou, French Guiana; Xichang, China, and Baikonur, Kazakstan.
The best places to launch satellites are near the ocean, so that when the launch vehicle falls away, it lands in the water and not on people.

10. How Does a Satellite Get Into Space?
When a satellite is launched, it is placed in orbit around the earth.
The earth’s gravity holds the satellite in a certain path as it goes around the earth.
Once in the orbit, satellite can start sending and receiving signals.

11. Malaysia’s Satellites
Malaysia-East Asia Satellite (MEASAT) system.
RazakSAT® satellite
MEASAT Satellite Systems Sdn. Bhd. is the only licensed commercial satellite operator in Malaysia. MEASAT pioneered the development of high-powered Ku-band Direct-to-Home services into South East Asia with the launch of MEASAT-1 and MEASAT-2 in 1996, providing Cband and Ku-band connectivity spanning India, Asia, Australia and the U.S. via Hawaii.
Satellite’s Ground Station

12. Access to space is very expensive.
Why go there?
As far as ‘applications’ there are:–those that cannot be satisfied at all on the ‘ground’:
Many of applications–those that can be done more effectively from space.

14. Satellite’s Applications
Telecommunications
Satellite’s Applications
Earth ‘s Observation
Navigation

15. Satellites Telecommunications
Communications via satellite allows high-speed transmission for telephony, TV and internet around the world.
Satellites provide a clear data transformation.
In principle, satellites enable a simpler system, without cables, to provide a vital link everywhere.
Some satellites send and receive television signals.
The signal is sent from a station on the earth’s surface. The satellite receives the signal and rebroadcasts it to other places on the earth.
With the right number of satellites in space, one television program can be seen all over the world.
Some satellites send and receive telephone, fax, and computer communications.
Satellites make it possible to communicate by telephone, fax, Internet, or computer with anyone in the world.

16. Earth’s Observation Satellites
Earth observations satellites is in a wide range of applications.
This satellite take very accurate pictures of the earth’s surface, sending back images that tell scientists about changes that are going on around the world in such areas as agriculture, water pollution, disaster and meteorology.
Meteorological satellites can forecast weather and earlier weather info could be used to ensure the safety of flight or people in ground.
Some satellites observe the world’s weather, feeding weather information into giant computer programs that help scientists know what the weather will be.
The weather reporters on your favorite TV news show get their information from those scientists.
Still other satellites take very accurate pictures of the earth’s surface, sending back images that tell scientists about changes that are going on around the world and about crops, water, and other resources.

17. Navigation Satellites
GPS-Global Positioning System.
GPS satellites can navigate us at anytime, any weather & anywhere on the Earth.
Used by car, aircraft and personal uses to know the direction.
It is now almost impossible to get lost if you have the right equipments like GPS
Technology - During the past 30 years, space program technology has resulted in more than 1,500 commercial products, including rain water purification systems for developing countries, satellite radio, digital and satellite television, cell phone technology, cordless tools, and GPS navigation in the family car, boat and even on the family farm.
Innovation - A survey of 146 senior executives by Christian & Timbers in 2004 found that 69% agreed with a prediction that the Vision for Space Exploration would drive new technology and boost venture capital markets.
Medical - Digital hearing aids, miniature heart pumps, cancer detection devices, common smoke detectors, fire-resistant aircraft seats, safety grooving on roads, LASIK eye surgery, humanitarian demining devices, and numerous other medical and safety devices and improvements trace their origins to space technology.
Economy - Just 15 firms that received an initial $64 million in NASA life sciences research and added $200 million of their own money created a $1.5 billion return on investment in the form of sold commercial goods and services during 25 years (Space Policy Institute at George Washington University).
Environment - We have learned more about our home planet and how best to preserve and protect it due to improved software and imaging developed from the space program. Space technology is responsible for rainwater purification systems for developing countries and numerous environmentally friendly products.

18. Research in Space International Space Station(ISS)
Many of scientific experiments can’t be done in Earth due to presence of gravity.
However, those experiments can be done more effectively in space.
This is due to zero-gravity environment in Space.

19. International Space Station
ISS is the largest and most complex international scientific project in history.
Led by the United States, the International Space Station draws upon the scientific and technological resources of 16 nations: Canada, Japan, Russia, 11 nations of the European Space Agency and Brazil.
The ISS provides a platform to conduct experiments that require one or more of the unusual conditions present on the station.
The primary fields of research include human research, space medicine, life sciences, physical sciences, astronomy and meteorology

20. Space Researches Benefits
Researches and technologies about space exploration are very important for humanity.
Research done is space contribute to improving national security, the economy, productivity and lifestyle.
Since 1976, more than 30,000 applications of space technology have been brought down to earth to enhance our everyday life.

21. Space Researches Benefits
Technology - space program technology has resulted in more than 1,500 commercial products, including satellite radio, digital and satellite television, cell phone technology, and GPS navigation.
Medical - Digital hearing aids, miniature heart pumps, cancer detection devices, eye surgery, and numerous other medical and safety devices and improvements trace their origins to space technology.
Pharmaceuticals produced in space with zero gravity have purities far higher than any produced on Earth
MRI technology (brain scanners) in hospitals worldwide came from technology developed in space

22. Space Researches Benefits
Electronics: The field of electronics and computers have also benefited from the space exploration. The astronauts have manufactured miniature electronic parts that could only be produced in the space during their experiments in the space stations and space shuttles.
4. Environmental: Clean & Safe Water. Water-purification technology used on the Apollo spacecraft is now employed in several applications to kill bacteria, viruses, and algae in community water-supply systems.
Economy - Just 15 firms that received an initial $64 million in NASA life sciences research and added $200 million of their own money created a $1.5 billion return on investment in the form of sold commercial goods and services during 25 years (Space Policy Institute at George Washington University).