1. MLAB 1415- Hematology Keri Brophy-Martinez
Chapter 1
Introduction to Hematology

2. Chapter 1: Terms Hematology
Study of formed cellular blood elements: the white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets
Hemostasis
Arrest of bleeding by the formation of a barrier to blood loss
Maintenance of an adequate number of cells to carry out the functions of the organism
Hematopoiesis
Dynamic formation and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow
Process responsible for the replacement of circulating blood cells

3. Chapter 1 Functions of the Hematology lab
Confirm a physician’s clinical impression of a possible hematological disorder
Establish a diagnosis or rule out a diagnosis
Detect an unsuspected disorder
Monitor the effects of radiation or chemotherapy

4. Chapter 1: Blood Composition
Plasma: 55%
Constituents of Plasma
Water (92%)
Solutes(8%)
Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen
Others ( electrolytes, hormones, vitamins, lipids, salts, enzymes and carbohydrates)

5. Chapter 1: Functions of Plasma
Transport medium for nutrients & metabolites
Immune Defense
Coagulation

6. Chapter 1: Blood Composition
Cellular Elements
Leukocytes: 1%
White Blood Cell= WBC
Granulocytes- fight infection
Lymphocytes- cellular and humoral immunity
Monocytes- phagocytosis of foreign substances and dead or dying cells
Platelets: 1%
Thrombocytes
Help to maintain hemostasis by plugging capillaries and forming clots
Actually a fragment of cytoplasm from megakaryocyte
Erythrocytes: 43%
Red Blood Cell= RBC
Transports oxygen (O2) to tissues and excrete carbon dioxide (CO2) from tissues
RBC’s do not have a nucleus

7. A Erythrocytes (RBCs)
B&H Lymphocytes
C&E Segmented neutrophil
D Eosinophil
F Monocyte
G Platelets
I Neutrophilic band
J Basophil

8. proteins, albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, electrolytes, hormones, nutrients, and respiratory gases
55%
45%

9. Chapter 1: Blood Composition
Plasma: liquid portion of blood from an anticoagulated tubes
Serum: liquid portion of blood from a clotted specimen

10. Chapter 1: Reference range
Differ according to age, race, sex and geographic location
Established by individual facilities in order to account for patient population
Refer to inside covers of textbook to review various reference ranges

11. Overview: Laboratory testing
Complete Blood Count= CBC
Quantifies the white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC) , hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelets.
Calculates the RBC indices
WBC Differential: enumeration of the types of WBC’s, RBC morphology, platelets