1. Microscopic Organisms and Your Body’s Immune System
Ch 11 & 12 Notes
Microscopic Organisms and Your Body’s Immune System

2. What is a virus?
A tiny ________ particle that enters and then reproduces inside a living cell.
Viruses can only _______ inside a living cell.
Viruses take on many shapes from ____, _____,_____,______, _______, and even robot like shapes.
Viruses vary in size from the largest being 200nm to the smallest being 20nm. Nm is a ________or one billionth of a meter.

3. Virus continued
Viruses multiply by _______ to a host cell, then it enters the cell. Once inside a cell the virus takes over the cells ______ and the cell begins producing the virus’s ______ and ____ ______ which are then assembled into new viruses.
Structure of viruses are the same.
Viruses have two basic parts:
A ___ ____ that protects the virus
An ____ _____ made of genetic material

4. What is bacteria? Bacteria are _____celled organisms.
They are_______, meaning their genetic material in the cell is not contained in a nucleus.
Bacteria take one of three shapes: spherical, rodlike, or_____.
Bacteria range in size from .5-1 micrometer up to the size of a period at the end of your sentence. Micrometer is one ______of a meter.

5. Bacteria continued Bacteria are either ______or________.
Bacteria reproduce one of two ways; either asexually (involves only one parent) by ____ _____ or sexually (involves two parents) by _____.
Bacteria have several roles in nature including; oxygen and _____ ______, environmental recycling and cleanup, and in health maintenance and ______ production.

6. How viruses and bacteria affect your health?
Bacteria and viruses are known as ______ diseases when they enter your body and make you sick. (spread by contact with an infected person, object, animal, or source)
Bacteria can be treated with ______ (remember that it also kills the good bacteria inside your body).
Viruses can’t be treated with antibiotics, rather you are given a weakened strand of the virus known as a _______ and your body builds its own treatment to the virus.

7. What is a protist?
Protist are ________(have a nucleus) that can not be classified as animals, plants, or fungi.
Three major types of protist
Animal-like protist are _________ and most are able to move from place to place (ex: amoeba and paramecium)
Animal like protist are categorized by the way they _____: pseudopods, cilia, flagella, or parasites.

8. Protist continued
Plantlike protist are _____and usually don’t move. (ex: algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates, and euglenoids)
There are six types of plantlike protists. They are diatoms, ________, euglenoids, red algae, green algae, and ______ ______.
Funguslike protist are _______, have cell walls, and use spores to reproduce.
The three types of funguslike protists are slime molds, _____ _____, and downy mildews.

9. What are fungi?
Fungi have both characteristics of a _____ and animal. They are ______ that have cell walls, are ______ that feed by absorbing their food, and use ______ to reproduce.
Fungi play important roles as _______ and _______ on Earth, they are food, and are used to fight diseases.

10. What are pathogens? Pathogens are organisms that cause a ______.
Pathogens are spread through contact with an infected person, _____, or ______; or by soil, food, or ______.
Four types of pathogens are
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protists

11. How does the body fight off pathogens?
The body has three lines of defense against pathogens.
First line of defense is the ____, _____ ______, and _______. They act as a barrier to pathogens, keeping them out or trapping and killing the _______.
Second line of defense is the _________ ________. Here the body responds with fluid and white blood cells. _____ ______ cells leak from the blood into the tissue and fight off the ________.

12. Immune system continued
Third line of defense is the ______ ______ where the cells of the immune system can distinguish between different types of pathogens.
______ are sent out to identify the pathogen (take a picture)
B-cells produce the ______ to fight off the pathogen (build proteins)

13. What is AIDS and HIV?
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is the disease that is caused by the virus ___(human immunodeficiency virus).
HIV is the only virus in the world know to directly attack the human immune system. It destroys the ______ of the immune response, meaning the immune system can no longer fight off a _______ that enters the body. HIV/AIDS doesn’t actually kill the person, it is another ______ that enters the body and kills the person.
HIV is an _________ disease that is spread from one person to the next through bodily fluid contact. Meaning an infected persons bodily fluids must come into contact with the bodily fluids of an uninfected person.

14. What are active and passive immunity?
_______immunity occurs when the antibodies for that pathogen come from a source other than the person’s body.
Immunity received from your mother when she is pregnant and through breast milk.
______ immunity occurs when ones own immune system produces the ______ in response to the presence of a pathogen.
Immune response-when you become sick and your body _______ fights it off.
Vaccination-a weakened strand of a ____ is presented in the body and the body fights it off.

15. What are noninfectious diseases?
_________diseases are diseases that aren’t caused by ________ in the body therefore they can’t be transmitted from one person to the next.
Allergies
Diabetes
Asthma
Cancer
Heart disease
Stroke