1. Reptiles Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Order: Squamata
Order: Crocodilia

2. Class Reptilia Herpetology – study of reptiles
Ectotherms – cold blooded, must get heat from environment
Skin is covered with scales
Most are egg-laying
Tetrapods – land-dwelling vertebrates

3. Ectotherms
Cold-blooded animals take on the temperature of their surroundings
More active in warm environments and very sluggish in cold environments
Results of muscle activities that work on chemical reactions which speed up in warmer temperatures

4. Ectotherms Must bask in sun to warm-up and speed-up metabolism
Lie in certain directions and expand rib cages to absorb more heat
If too hot they move to shade, burrow, open their mouth wide, or lighten skin color

5. Advantages vs. Disadvantages
Require less energy than warm-blooded animals
Therefore in food scarce environments such as the desert they do not have to burn energy to keep warm
Can reduce body temperature to save energy
Immune system more efficient because bacteria grows slower in the cold
Must be warm out for them to have a certain level of activity to hunt and defend themselves
Also need it to be warm to find a mate and reproduce

6. Class Reptilia
Breathe air using lungs
Evolved from amphibians

7. Evolution Evolved during the Paleozoic Era from the dinosaurs
Included Icthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, placodonts, and mosasaurs

8. Order Testudines Turtles, tortoises, and terrapins
Bony or cartilaginous shells are used for protection
Shell is fused to backbone

9. Sea Turtles Legs have been modified into flippers
Cannot retract head into shell
Lay eggs on land
8 species who live primarily in warm water, all endangered
Feed on sea grasses and seaweeds

10. Beak
All turtles do not have teeth, instead they have a beak and strong biting jaws
Eat everything from sea weeds to sponges to barnacles to jellyfish

11. Exploitation Nesting areas turned into resorts
Eggs are taken by the bucketful to be eaten
Adults meat considered a delicacy and cartilage used in turtle soup
Some shells are collected as jewelry
Shrimp nets trap and kill

12. Order Squamata
Includes sea snakes and marine iguanas

13. Marine Iguanas Only lizard to feed underwater
Shorter snout to scrape algae off of rocks
Long, curled claws to hold onto rocks in rougher waters
Longer, flattened tails to help swimming

14. Diving Ability
Can withstand long bouts of lactate for periods of to two minutes
Imagine being able to sprint as hard as you can for two minutes straight

15. Sea Snakes Breath air Flattened tail for swimming
Flap covers nostril while swimming
Eels have gills and no scales

16. Sea Snakes Feed on fish, fish eggs, and eels
Stay in shallow waters and can be found in groups

17. Venom Venom used to immobilize not kill prey
Most toxic snakes on earth
Bite is painless due to short fangs
½ Hour Symptoms: stiffness, muscle aches, spasm of jaw, pain in limb
Eventual symptoms: Blurred vision, drowsiness, and respiratory paralysis

18. Order Crocodilia Saltwater Crocodile
Found in estuaries and along the coast of Indian Ocean, Australia, and Western Pacific Islands

19. Evolution of Crocodile
Last of the types of reptiles around during the dinosaurs

20. Saltwater Crocodile Animal most likely to attack and eat a human
17-23 feet and pounds in size
Some estimated at as much as 33 feet