1. DEMOGRAPHY

2. Is the statistical study of human population ad sub- populations
Is the statistical study of human population ad sub- populations. It studies the size, structure, and distribution of these populations, and spatial and/or temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging, and death.
It analyzes its relationship with economic, social, cultural, and biological processes, and how can it affect the population.

3. FERTILITY
Refers to the number of children that an average woman bears during her reproductive years.

4. FECUNDITY
Refers to the number of children an average woman is CAPABLE of bearing.

5. Crude Birth Rate- the annual number of live births per 1,000 people.
Crude Death Rate- the annual number of deaths per 1,000 people.
Mortality- the number of deaths in a society’s population

6. HOW TO COMPUTE?
1. Crude Birth Rate
No. of live births in a year
Total Population
2. Crude Death Rate
No. of deaths in a year

7. MIGRATION Movement of people from one place to another. 2 KINDS:
IMMIGRATION- Migration INTO an area.
Immigration Rate- number of people entering the a region per 1,000 people.
2. EMIGRATION- Migration OUT of an area.

8. POPULATION GROWTH
The "population growth" is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period as a fraction of the initial population. 

9. HOW TO COMPUTE THE POPULATION GROWTH?
Crude Death Rate – Crude Birth Rate

10. Source: Population Reference Bureau
The current world population count (2016) is now at an estimated:
7, 400,000 people.

13. Source: Population Reference Bureau

15. PHILIPPINES’ DEMOGRAPHIC DATA 2010-2014/2015 Source: World Bank

16. PHILIPPINE POPULATION, 2015

17. 1.7

23. 72

24. 65

25. WHY DO LESS DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TEND TO HAVE HIGHER POPULATION GROWTHS THAN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES?

30. FACTORS AFFECTING BIRTH RATE
Urbanization
As a country becomes increasingly urbanized the birth rate tends to rise and  death rates tend to fall. 
2. Agricultural changes
- The more regular supply of food from advanced farming also promotes birth rates (as people are sure they can feed their children) and reduces famine deaths.
3. Education
- Simple programs in hygiene can impact upon death rates, while family planning education can reduce birth rates. 
4. Emancipation of women
- This EMANCIPATION of women has had a demographic consequence in that it has delayed child bearing age. 

31. THEORIES OF DEMOGRAPHY
Malthus’Theory (Malthusian Catastrophe)
-Power of the population is much greater than the power of the Earth to provide subsistence for man.
2. Neo-Malthusian Theory
-This theory holds that population growth is exponential and that human population growth can easily outstrip its food resources if not held in check with artificial birth control measures. 

32. 3. Demographic Transition Theory
This is principally a thesis that postulates that population patterns reflect a society's level of technology development and this is mainly projected through four phases/stages.

33. Stages
Level of technology
Population growth 
Characteristics of population trends 
Stage one: pre-industrial societies
Pre industrial
Death rates neutralize birth rates
slow
Stage two: the onset of industrialization
Early industrial
Increasing birth rates and decreasing death rates
Rapid
Stage three: a mature industrial economy
Industrial
Birth rates decreased considerably, and death rates as well
Slow
Stage four: post industrial economy
Post industrial
Birth rates and death rates very low- resulting in ageing population
Very slow

34. Optimum Population Theory
WHAT IS OPTIMUM POPULATION?
- The optimum population is the ideal population which combined with the other available resources or means of production of the country will yield the maximum returns or income per head. Any rise or diminution in the size of the population above or below the optimum level will diminish income per head. 

35. If the increase in population is followed by the increase in per capita income, the country is under-populated and it can afford to increase its population till it reaches the optimum level. On the contrary, if the increase in population leads to diminution (decline) in per capita income, the country is over-populated and needs a decline in population till the per capita income is maximized.

36. REMEMBER! The optimal point is NOT a fixed point.
For example, if there are improvements in the methods and techniques of production, the output per head will rise and the optimum point will shift upward.