1. Linnaean Classification
Chapter 17.1

2. What are these?

3. What would you define this as?

4. Taxa Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms.
It’s standardized to make sure that all organisms are being organized in an understandable way.
Group of organisms is called a taxon. (taxa)
If organisms can reproduce with each other they are considered part of the same taxon.

5. Binomial Nomenclature
Scientific names are used to describe all organisms.
Binomial nomenclature (two name)(naming system) is a system that gives each species a two-part name using Latin words.
Word order: (Genus) (species) Genus species
A genus includes one or more physically similar species.
Species usually means a special identifier in the genus.

6. Canis lupus

7. 7 Levels Domain (outside of this system, but still large group)
Kingdom (most general in this system)
Phylum (called division with plants and fungi)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (most specific)

8. Downsides of system
This focuses on physical characteristics rather than molecular factors.
Sometimes organisms can develop similarities through convergent evolution. (Two organisms that look similar but aren’t closely related)
When it was first developed, genetics wasn’t really studied like today, so new information has appeared.

9. Red Panda
Why is this name misleading?

10. Evolutionary Relationships
Cladistics is classification based on common ancestry.
When organisms end up having similar traits but AREN’T directly related (like butterflys and birds) then it is called convergent evolution.
Evolutionary history for a group of species is called phylogeny. (look a lot like family trees)
Cladistics is the method of making evolutionary trees.

11. Cladistics
Goal is to put species in order in which they descended from a common ancestor.
We call the evolutionary tree a claudogram.
One key to making it is looking at derived characters.
Derived characters – traits that are shared by some species but are not present in others.

16. Practice Cladogram Let’s think up some different modes of transport
Then we’ll find some different traits they share/don’t share
We’ll draw it out with a chart
Use the chart to fill construct a claudogram

17. Bicycle - Car - Bus - Airplane - Walking
Modes of Transport:
Bicycle - Car - Bus - Airplane - Walking

19. Typically these are used for separating different species rather than upper levels of differences

21. Watch the video from class by clicking the image below!!!!