1. How Does Biotechnology Affect Individuals, Society, and the Environment?
Benchmark SC9.12.L.16.10

2. What is Biotechnology?
Some Ideas?
Some examples?

3. Biotechnology Definition
Biotechnology is the transfer of DNA from one organism to another to modify the genetic makeup of that organism. The process of gene transfer is used in many fields, including medicine and agriculture.
Gene manipulation

4. What is Biotechnology?
In its most simple form, biotechnology is the use of living systems (organisms) by people to make products.
Biotechnology uses many different sciences, such as biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, computers, and information technology to develop tools and products.
Biotechnology changes genes of organisms for specific purposes.

5. What is Biotechnology?

6. Recombinant DNA Biotechnology tool
DNA from two different sources is combined into one molecule
Inserted into a host organism to produce new genetic combinations that are of value to science, medicine, agriculture, and industry

7. Genetic Engineering
Remove, modify or add genes to a DNA molecule or organism
Add new traits
Cloning genes into new organisms, or altering the DNA sequence to change the protein product.
**Genes are the chemical blueprints that determine an organism's traits
Add new traits not originally there

8. Terms to Know! Gene Cloning Genetic Engineering
Gene cloning is the act of making copies, or clones, of a single gene. Once a gene is identified, clones can be used in many areas of biomedical and industrial research.
Genetic engineering is the process of cloning genes into new organisms, or altering the DNA sequence to change the protein product.

9. Vacanti Mouse
A laboratory mouse resemblance of a human ear on its back. Its actually an ear-shaped cartilage structure grown by seeding cow cartilage cells into a biodegradable ear-shaped mold. The earmouse, was created by Dr. Charles Vacanti, at the University of Massachusetts in To demonstrate a method of fabricating cartilage structures for transplantation into human patients, a resorbable polyester fabric was infiltrated with bovine cartilage cells & implanted under the skin of a hairless mouse.

10. Glofish
Fluorescent zebrafish with bright red, green, and orange fluorescent color.
Fluorescent protein (GFP), originally extracted from jellyfish, producing bright green bioluminescence
.Inserted the gene into a zebrafish embryo, causing the fish to be brightly fluorescent under natural white light & UV light.
Goal was to develop a fish that could detect pollution by selectively fluorescing in the presence of environmental toxins.

11. Sudden Death Mosquito
Oxitec which is a British bio-tech company, has created genetically modified mosquitoes, which are programmed for sudden, early death. Oxitec’s technology is a variation of a proven process called “sterile insect technique” It involves irradiating male insects, causing mutations that make them sterile. When released into the wild, they mate with females passing on lethal genes which either kills the female or at least kills the youngs in her so then she fails to reproduce . Scientists at this British bio tech company said they have evidence that their genetically modified mosquitoes can by this way for sure control the spread of dengue fever.

12. What are some common examples of biotechnology use?
Pollution-eating microbes (oil spills)
Laundry detergents and dish soaps
DNA finger-printing
Bio-pesticides for crops
Vaccines for illnesses and diseases
Genetically Modified Foods like cheese
These are just to name a few!

13. What are some common examples of biotechnology use?
Bioengineered crop plants – wheat, corn, potatoes, cotton are fortified (strengthened) against disease & pests
Biofertilizers – add nitrogen to increase fertility
Gene Cloning – isolate & reproduce DNA
Human Gene Therapy – replace a nonworking gene with a working one
DNA Fingerprinting – DNA pieces “Markers” are used to identify people by blood/hair Ex crime scene.
Page bio EOC book

14. So... How Can or Does Biotechnology Affect us as Individuals?

15. What does it mean? Biotechnology affects our everyday lives!
It provides medicine, and can detect and treat diseases
Diabetes, sickle-cell anemia, antibiotics, etc.
It has and continues to change what we are able to eat
Baking bread, making cheese, etc.

16. SAMPLE: Biotechnology of Corn
Scientists have successfully been able to change the genes of corn for more desirable traits
Biotech (Bt) corn may be insect protected (no need for pesticides), herbicide-resistant, or both
Another type of corn is able to grow in times of drought (no or low rain seasons)
As well, corn has been engineered to contain more healthy ingredients

17. How does corn affect us as individuals?
PROS
CONS
Many products we rely on contain a corn base (high fructose corn syrup) such as fast food, batteries, candy, pop, cereal, etc.
Genetically modified corn adding nutrition and medicines both increase quality of, and help to prolong, human life – especially in third world countries
High fructose corn syrup, made from corn, is linked to diabetes in kids and other health risks
For those who have or may develop an allergy for corn or corn products, will have a very short list of foods they can eat!
Some genetically modified corn have led to signs of organ damage in rats...

18. So… Did you know these products have corn?
Toothpaste
Soap
Crayons
Glue
Batteries
Make-up

19. How can or does biotechnology affect our society?

20. What does it mean? It changes the quality of life in our world! Pros
Industrial Biotechnology can help generate a new “greener” economy with countless new jobs.  
May solve world food shortage (agriculture and livestock)
Helps with discovery of new medicines
Solving crimes with DNA and forensic testing
Cons
There are safety and ethical debates
How far do we draw the line?
“Perfect” babies and cloning
Accidental immunity of pests, weeds, viruses, and bacteria
Engineering even more foods
Biological warfare
It changes the quality of life in our world!

21. How does corn affect our society?
When compared to original unchanged corn, the amount of biotech corn being able to be produced is much higher.
This is important for farming economies, like Canada, which therefore is able to feed more people while also requiring less work and time overall.

22. How does biotechnology affect the environment?

23. What does that mean? Public Environment Natural/Physical Environment
We will have the ability to find ways to use our garbage to create new needed products.
Agricultural biotechnology will help us to use our lands more efficiently (no loss of crops and money)
By 2030, the WWF estimates that biotechnology “has the potential to save the planet up to 2.5 billion tons of CO2 emissions per year.”
Biotechnology will aid in the removal of pollution from our soils, water, and air
Wwf global

24. Advantages of Biotechnology
Are all of these biotechnology solutions safe?
As we move towards a greener society, biotechnology is the leading force to help us solve problems that we, as humans, were responsible for creating.
We are able to understand the world that we live in on a microscopic level.
We can solve a lot of world issues such as malnutrition, world hunger, pollution, and death with biotechnology innovations

25. Why or How is Corn Biotechnology Good?
May solve declining oil issue and provide us with new energy form
Third world countries especially prone to insect infestation, nutrition deficits, and drought no longer have to worry

26. Amazing Corn!

27. Disadvantages to Biotechnology
Are we planting new problems that may haunt us in the future?
Unknown/unintended harm to environment
Food Labelling and consumer choice
Dependency
Cost
There may be unknown or unintended harm posed to other organisms when exposed to the public and natural environment (food webs)
Only some countries demand mandatory GM food labelling, which does not provide consumers with accurate information when they go food shopping
As the industry becomes more sophisticated and complex, the costs of using these products will rise
Once we are dependent on biotechnology, what other choices will we have?

28. Why or How is Corn Biotechnology Bad?
Insects may become immune to pest-tolerant Bt corn and become more harmful (already seen in mosquitoes) as well as creating `superweeds`
Approximately 95 percent of soybean and cotton acres, and more than 85 percent of corn, are planted to varieties genetically modified to be herbicide resistant. "Resistant weeds have become a major problem for many farmers reliant on GE crops, and they are now driving up the volume of herbicide needed each year by about 25 percent. Herbicide is a toxic material used to get rid of unwanted plant life.

29. True or False
Gene cloning is the process of isolating and making copies of a chromosome. _____
Biotechnology has raised ethical questions. ______.
Insulin was the first human protein to be produced by gene cloning. _______.

30. 4. A disease such as cystic fibrosis, can be potentially cured by:
Selective breeding
Vaccines
Gene therapy
antibiotics