1. Chapter 1. Introduction to Chemistry

2. 1.1 Chemistry: An Introduction 1.2 What is Chemistry?
1.3 Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach
1.4 The Scientific Method
1.5 Learning Chemistry
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3. Why Is Chemistry Important?
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4. Graphite and Diamond (C)
Ice cubes in water (H2O)
Graphite and Diamond (C)
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5. New materials New pharmaceuticals New energy sources Food supplies
Help the environment
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6. Double-edged sword Solve the problems…
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CFCs)
Freon-12---noncorrosive nature and
ability to resist decomposition
Solve the problems…
Freon-12---destroy ozone (O3)in the upper
atmosphere.
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7. In this course, you will:
Learn the principles of chemistry.
Become a better problem solver!
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8. QUESTION
Which of the following statements is false?
A knowledge of chemistry is useful to almost everyone.
The principles of chemistry are inherently neither good nor bad – it’s what we do with this knowledge that really matters.
A major by-product of studying chemistry is that you will become a better problem solver.
Chemical industries are the ones responsible for all our environmental problems today.

9. ANSWER
Choice #4 is false. Although chemical industries have contributed to some environmental problems, they are not responsible for all of them. The industries that apply the chemical sciences are now determined to be part of the solution to our environmental ills rather than part of the problem.
: Chemistry: An Introduction

10. The science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes these materials undergo. (Chemical changes)
The central science.
Understanding most other fields of science requires an understanding of chemistry.
1.Wood burns in air, forming water, carbon dioxide and other substances.
2. Eggs, flour, sugar and baker powder are mixed and baked to yield a cake.
3. The definition of the term chemistry is learned and stored in the brain.
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11. Recognize the problem and state it clearly. Making an observation.
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12. Formulating a hypothesis.
2. Propose possible solutions to the problem or possible explanations for the observation.
Formulating a hypothesis.
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13. Performing an experiment.
3. Decide which of the solutions is the best or decide whether the explanation proposed is reasonable.
Performing an experiment.
Scientific thinking can help you in all parts of your life!
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14. Steps in the Scientific Method
Process that lies at the center of scientific inquiry.
The difference between observations and theories.
An observation is something is witnessed and can be recorded.
A theory is an interpretation-a possible explanation of why nature behaves in a particular way.
The difference between a Law and a theory.
A law tells what happens
A theory (model) is our attempt to explain why it happens.
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15. QUESTION
Which of the following statements is false?
A law is a summary of observed behavior. For example, studies of innumerable chemical changes have shown that the total mass of the materials involved is the same before and after the change.
A theory is an explanation of behavior – why nature behaves in a particular way.
If a theory is disproven, then all of the observations that support that theory must also be disproven.
A law tells what happens.

16. ANSWER
Choice #3 is false. A theory can be wrong in its attempt to explain why a behavior occurs but that does not mean that the observed behavior in itself is also wrong.
: The Scientific Method

17. Summarizes what happens.
Scientific Models
Law
Summarizes what happens.
Hypothesis
A possible explanation for an observation.
Theory (Model)
An attempt to explain why it happens.
Set of tested hypotheses that gives an overall explanation of some natural phenomenon.
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18. Memorize important information. Learn and practice processes.
Learn the vocabulary.
Memorize important information.
Learn and practice processes.
Keep working and learning from your mistakes.
Ask questions!
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19. Prerequisite Science Skills

20. 2.3 Measurements of Length, Volume, and Mass
2.1 Scientific Notation
2.2 Units
2.3 Measurements of Length, Volume, and Mass
2.4 Uncertainty in Measurement
2.5 Significant Figures
2.6 Problem Solving and Dimensional Analysis
2.7 Temperature Conversions: An Approach to Problem Solving
2.8 Density
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21. Quantitative observation. Has 2 parts – number and unit.
Measurement
Quantitative observation.
Has 2 parts – number and unit.
Number tells comparison.
Unit tells scale.
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22. Technique used to express very large or very small numbers.
Expresses a number as a product of a number between 1 and 10 and the appropriate power of 10.
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23. This depends on the number of places the decimal point is moved and in which direction.

24. Using Scientific Notation
If the decimal point is moved to the left, the power of 10 is positive.
345 = 3.45 × 102
If the decimal point is moved to the right, the power of 10 is negative.
= 6.71 × 10–2
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25. Concept Check
Which of the following correctly expresses 7,882 in scientific notation?
7.882 × 104
788.2 × 103
7.882 × 103
7.882 × 10–3
The correct answer is c. The decimal point should be moved three places to the left to be correctly expressed in scientific notation.
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26. Concept Check
Which of the following correctly expresses in scientific notation?
4.96 × 10–5
4.96 × 105
4.96 × 10–7
496 × 107
The correct answer is a. The decimal point should be moved five places to the right to be correctly expressed in scientific notation.
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27. Math Review
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29. Quantitative observation consisting of two parts. number
Nature of Measurement
Measurement
Quantitative observation consisting of two parts.
number
unit : tell scale or standard is being used to represent the results of the measurement.
Examples
20 grams
70 miles/hour
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30. The Fundamental SI Units
SI Units: the need for common units standards
The Fundamental SI Units
Physical Quantity
Name of Unit
Abbreviation
Mass
kilogram kg
Length
meter m
Time
second s
Temperature
kelvin K
Electric current
ampere A
Amount of substance
mole
mol
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31. Prefixes Used in the SI System
Prefixes are used to change the size of the unit.
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32. Length (SI unit: meter)
Fundamental SI unit of length is the meter.
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33. Conversion between inch and cm:
1 inch = 2.54 cm
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34. Volume (SI unit: cubic meter, m3)
Measure of the amount of 3-D space occupied by a substance.
Commonly measure solid volume in cm3.
1 mL = 1 cm3
1 L = 1 dm3
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35. Pipet, mL
Graduated Cylinders mL
“zero was at the bottom of the scale, with values increasing going up the cylinder. “
a buret has zero at the top with values increasing going down the scale.
Buret, mL
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36. Mass (SI unit: kilogram, kg)
Measure of the amount of matter present in an object.
1 kg = lbs
1 lb = g
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37. Triple beam balance Electronic balance Analytical balance
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