1. Chapter 20 Section 3 Labor and Management pgs. 543-548
Essential Question: How have labor unions effected American businesses practices?

2. The Rise of Factories
The Industrial Revolution changed the way products were made and how people worked
Machines were invented to manufacture goods faster and more cheaply than human workers
Businesses built factories to house their machines and workers
How did employment in the United States change from the country’s early days to the early 1800s? In the early days, people were self-employed, but in the 1800s, the rise of factories led people to get factory jobs outside the home

3. The Rise of Factories Harsh conditions 6 day work weeks 12-16hr days
Dangerous machinery
Why do you think some workers tolerated poor working conditions in factories?

4. The Rise of Labor Unions
Labor unions- organizations of workers formed to improve workers’ wages and working conditions

5. Collective Bargaining
Workers would demand better wages and working conditions
Collective bargaining- union leaders and employer representatives meet to reach an agreement on an issue
This usually involves a compromise

6. Methods Used by Labor
Strike- labor union members walk off a job if employers do not agree to union demands
Picketing- marching in front of one’s workplace, often with signs, to encourage other workers not to work
Sit-down strike- workers occupy the factory, but refuse to work
Job action- work slowdown or action short of a strike
What did poor working conditions and low wages cause workers to do?

7. Methods Used by Employers
Would blacklist members of unions so they couldn’t find work
Use armed guards and even the police and state militias to deter strikers
What methods did employers use to fight unions?

8. Labor Laws National strikes threatened the country’s economy
The first president to support labor unions was Theodore Roosevelt

9. Congress Acts Congress began passing labor laws to:
regulate unions , labor negotiations, and strikes
Prevent employers from using unfair practices

10. National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)
A.k.a. the Wagner Act
Guarantees the right of workers to organize and bargain collectively through representatives

11. Labor-Management Relations Act
A.k.a the Taft-Hartley Act
Allows the president to have the labor union delay a strike for up to 80 days to protect national welfare
How does the Taft-Hartley Act protect the national welfare?
Do you think labor laws have affected labor relations? They have improved relations by regulating unions more and creating the NLRB to oversee them

12. Settling Disputes
Mediation- method of settling labor disputes in which an expert on labor relations examines an issue and recommends a solution
Arbitration- labor expert’s decision on a labor issue is binding on both sides
What are the similarities and differences between mediation and arbitration? In mediation, a labor expert recommends a solution to a labor dispute but the sides do not have to accept it. In arbitration, a labor expert also makes a recommendation, but in this case it is binding on both sides
At what times do you think labor and management would use an arbitrator over a mediator? When they have a major disagreement that neither side wants to budge on and they want a decision that they both have o accept