1. Landforms and Water Bodies

2. The surface of the Earth is nearly three parts water and one part land.
The largest areas of land are called continents.
The very large and deep areas of water are called oceans.

3. There are seven continents:
Asia
Africa
Europe
North America
South America
Australia
Antarctica
There are five oceans:
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Southern Ocean

4. Seas The smaller areas of water are called seas. They are:
Mediterrranean Sea
Black Sea
Arabian Sea
South China Sea

5. Waves Tsunami Waves are formed when the wind pushes the water
Sometimes an earthquake under the sea causes really huge waves called tsunami.

6. river
stream
The flowing water from mountains and hill slopes towards lowlands is called a river.
Small rivers that have less water are called streams.

7. coast
Beach
The areas where land meets the sea are called coasts. Coasts can be low and flat or high and rocky
The flat part of the coast, next to the ocean or sea, is called a beach. Many beaches have sand.

8. The highest portions of land are called mountains.
Plateau
A large stretch of high land that is flat on top is called a plateau.
Example: Deccan Plateau
Mountain
The highest portions of land are called mountains.
Example: Himalayas
Hill
High areas of land which are not so tall as mountains are called hills.
Example: Aravalli Hills

9. Plains Coastal Plains desert
A stretch of low, flat or almost flat land is called a plain.
Example: The Northern Plains
Low flat land along the coast is called a coastal plain.
Example: Western Coastal Plains
A desert is dry land which receives little or no rainfall.
Example: Thar Desert

10. Hot Desert Cold Desert Hot deserts are sandy, windy, hot and very dry.
Example: The Arabian Desert
Cold deserts are areas of land that always remain frozen.
Example: Antarctica

11. Some other landforms Island Lake
A piece of land that has water all around it is called an island.
Example: Australia
A large body of water surrounded on all sides by water is called a lake.
Example: Dal Lake

12. Isthmus
strait
A narrow strip of land which joins two larger parts of land is called isthmus.
Example: Isthmus of Panama
A stretch of water joining two large expanses of sea is called a strait. Example: Palk Strait

13. bay
gulf
When a large part of the sea fills up a wide curve in the land, it is called a bay.
A bay has a wider opening than the gulf.
Example: Bay of Bengal
A large body of water surrounded by land and having a narrow entrance is called a gulf.
Example: Gulf of Mexico

15. Test your knowledge