1. This question is focused on changing crimes and their causes
(a) Outline the conditions that led to an increase in the crime of vagrancy in the sixteenth century
[ 5 marks]

2. How to raise your grade
Remember to write a detailed and accurate description
Use a range of key words in your answer
Try to include an important date or statistic

3. (b) Explain why types of crime differed in the Industrial Revolution
Question 1
Look at these two sources about crime during the Industrial Revolution and answer the question that follows:
(b) Explain why types of crime differed in the Industrial Revolution
[ 7 marks]

4. Source A
Source B
Large parts of the big towns became very dangerous due to criminal gangs and activities. These towns were great for criminals, with narrow alleys and dark corners into which a passer-by might be enticed and robbed.
Description of a town in 1800
The Industrial Revolution saw new crimes associated with machinery. In the countryside the Swing Rioters protested against the threshing machines and in the large towns Luddites attacked textile factories.
From a school website

5. How to raise your grade Make a strong point about each source
Support your points with evidence from the sources
Always use a short quote when using a written source

6. Question 1
(c) Why was the development of the motor car a turning-point in causing new types of crime in the twentieth century?
[ 8 marks]

7. How to raise your grade Focus on the question in your introduction
Use APE paragraphs to support your points with detailed evidence
Use ‘patterns of change’ language to explain the nature and extent of the change
e.g. turning point and catalyst

8. (a) Describe the work of a Tudor JP in the sixteenth century
Question 2
This question is focused on law enforcement through time
(a) Describe the work of a Tudor JP in the sixteenth century
[ 5 marks]

9. (b) Explain why policing methods changed during the nineteenth century
Question 2
Look at these two sources about policing in the nineteenth century and answer the question that follows:
(b) Explain why policing methods changed during the nineteenth century
[ 7 marks]

10. Source A
Source B
The only real form of policing in most towns in the early nineteenth century was the watchman. With his lamp and rattle, the watchman was a familiar figure and often laughed at by people in the streets
From a school textbook
Industrial towns were very attractive to criminals. In the early nineteenth century, the amount of crime soared especially in places like London. People began to complain bitterly about pickpockets and ruffians.
From a television series

11. Question 2
(c) Why was the use of fingerprinting a turning-point in methods of catching criminals?
[ 8 marks]

12. This question is focused on changing types of punishment through time
(a) Describe the use made of public punishment in the sixteenth century
[ 5 marks]

13. (b) Explain why prisons changed during the nineteenth century
Question 3
Look at these two sources about prisons in the nineteenth century and answer the question that follows:
(b) Explain why prisons changed during the nineteenth century
[ 7 marks]

14. Source A
Source B
The gaoler got no salary but could charge fees from the prisoners who were committed to his care. The cell for debtors is just 19 feet by 11 feet with no window. The whole prison is out of repair; many prisoners died here.
A report from 1800
By the 1840s, transportation was in decline. Australia was no longer so willing to accept convicts. There was a need to create new types of punishment. Prisons like Pentonville were designed for the future.
From a television programme

15. Question 3
(c) Why was the abolition of capital punishment in the 1960s an important turning-point in methods of punishment in Wales and England?
[ 8 marks]

16. Section B [ 12 marks] SPAG [3]
Answer one question from this section 4. How far have causes of crime changed from Tudor times to the present day
The effect of religious changes
The impact of bad living conditions
The pressure of modern society
[ 12 marks]
SPAG [3]

17. Section B [ 12 marks] SPAG [3]
Answer one question from this section 5. Have methods of policing and combating crime always been successful from Tudor times to the present day?
The effectiveness of Tudor parish constables
Developments in the large cities
Increasing police specialisation
[ 12 marks]
SPAG [3]

18. Section B [ 12 marks] SPAG [3]
Answer one question from this section 6. Have methods of punishing criminal offenders always been successful from Tudor times to the present day?
Public punishment
Transportation as a punishment
Developments in prison reform
[ 12 marks]
SPAG [3]

19. How to raise your grade Focus on the question in your introduction
Select and deploy evidence from a range of time periods
Use ‘patterns of change’ language to discuss change and continuity
e.g. turning point and catalyst

20. SPAG Marks
Candidates do not reach the threshold performance highlighted in the mark scheme
Level 2
Candidates spell, punctuate and use the rules of grammar with reasonable accuracy in the context of the demands of the question. Any errors do not hinder meaning in the response. Where required, they use a limited range of specialist terms appropriately.
Level 3
Candidates spell, punctuate and use the rules of grammar with considerable accuracy and general control of meaning in the context of the demands of the question. Where required, they use a good range of specialist terms with facility.
Level 4
Candidates spell, punctuate and use the rules of grammar with consistent accuracy and effective control of meaning in the context of the demands of the question. Where required, they use a wide range of specialist terms adeptly and with precision.

21. Note to Gail
We’re going to need some patterns of change key words on display:
Turning point
Catalyst
Decisive factor
Influencing factor
momentum