1. Brain Pop: The Rock Cycle

2. What is a rock? What is a rock?
A solid, naturally-occurring mixture of one or more minerals.
Some rocks are made of the remains of living things.

3. Why are rocks important?
Rocks are an important resource for human beings.
In what ways have humans used rocks?
1. Weapons
2. Simple tools
3. Building materials

4. weapons and tools
Spear points
Flint starter
Obsidian
Flint (quartz)

5. Building Materials Pavement for Roads Monuments and buildings
Pavement is made from anything from limestone, sandstone, or peat. The Washington Monument is made of granite, marble, and sandstone.

6. Why are rocks important?
Rocks change over time and recycle.
The Rock Cycle
The process by which new rocks form from older rock material
Processes within the rock cycle can take many paths. There is no set order of events.

11. What processes shape the Earth’s surface?
Processes of the rock cycle shape the appearance of our Earth today.
These processes include
Weathering
Erosion
Deposition
Heat & Pressure

12. What processes shape the Earth’s surface?
Weathering
The Breaking of existing rocks into smaller fragments or SEDIMENT.
Weathering occurs through either physical or chemical means.

13. Two Types of Weathering
Physical (mechanical)
Chemical
Wind
Water
Ice Wedging
Root Action
Ice abrasion (glacial)
Animal activity
Temperature change
Reactions with acid
Atmospheric
Biological, etc.

14. Wind
Thor’s Hammer (a hoodoo). Bryce Canyon, Utah. Not really a canyon by definition. Caused by ice, water, and wind.

15. Water What?! There were steps?!
Wave Rock is a natural rock formation located east of the small town of Hyden in Western Australia. It derives its name from the fact that it is shaped like a large, smooth wave. Its rounded wave-like shape has been formed by weathering and water erosion, which has undercut the base, leaving a rounded overhang. It is likely that this remarkable shape was caused by the weathering of the rock below ground before it was exposed. The rock itself is about 15 metres high and approximately 110 metres long, and consists mainly of granite. Wave Rock is part of the much larger Hyden Rock and is but one of hundreds of granite outcrops, such as Corrigin Rock, which dot the whole of the Central Wheat Belt. They were formed 3000 million years ago.

16. Ice Wedging
Show off.

17. Root Action

18. Roots

19. Ice abrasion I’m going to bite you.
P-forms carved by ice abrasion and subglacial meltwater during the last glaciation (10,000 years ago) at Loch Treig, Grampian Highlands, Scotland.

20. Animal Activity
Link on picture to animation from classzone of mechanical weathering.

21. Play me a song, you’re the stalactite organ man…
Chemical Break Down
Play me a song, you’re the stalactite organ man…

22. What processes shape the Earth’s surface?
Erosion
Often confused with weathering.
It is the natural movement of sediment through natural forces.
Examples include…
Erosion word has link to classzone map of erosional examples.

23. Wind erosion Dust Bowl, 1936 Jack and the Dustbowl
Severe winds can cause erosion on susceptible areas of farming land, particularly during the summer months when there is less vegetative ground cover. Wind erosion causes the loss of valuable top soil; nitrogen-rich dust can be blown into the ocean and lost forever.
Dust Bowl, Jack and the Dustbowl

24. Running water erosion
Iguassu Falls in Argentina

25. Ice erosion
Glacier National Park, Montana. Glaciers and granite in background.

26. Gravitational erosion
Rock slide diagram and California mudslide.

27. What processes shape the Earth’s surface?
The pieces that get carried have to be put down.
Deposition
The laying down of sediment
Happens in bodies of water and other low-lying areas mostly.

29. Mississippi River Delta (New Orleans)

30. Deposition by glaciers
Hawk Mountain?
All I see is Rock Mountain!
Hawk Mountain, PA. Picture is link to glaciers brainpop movie.

31. Were these rocks deposited???
Stonehenge rocks are dolerite (bluestone). igneous
Were these rocks deposited???

32. What processes shape the Earth’s surface?
Heat and Pressure
Rock can form from buried sediment that is squeezed by layers above it.
New rock can also form when existing rock melts into magma.
Then that magma cools and hardens into a new rock. That new rock will have different minerals from before.

33. Heat and Pressure

34. So rocks recycle? Yup! All the time.
The Rock Cycle
Shows how rocks and sediment go through changes.
The categories in which rocks are classified are
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

35. What words are behind the boxes?

36. What words are behind the circles?

37. How do geologists classify rocks?
Each kind of rock has specific features that make it different form other kinds of rock.
2 specific features that are used are
Composition
Texture

38. Someone is askin’ for a hertz donut if they don’t buy my rocks!

39. How do geologists classify rocks?
Composition
Certain types of rocks tend to have certain minerals.
But the mineral composition does not have to be in identical amounts to classify two rocks the same way.

40. How do geologists classify rocks?
Texture
The size, shape, and position of the grains will determine the texture.
A rock may be fine-grained, medium-grained, or course-grained.

41. Grain size is defined. From largest to smallest… Boulder Cobbles
Gravel/pebble
Sand
Silt
Clay
Link to river deposit animation on picture

42. Texture Examples fine-grained medium-grained coarse-grained
Granite, rhyolite, sandstone

43. How do geologists classify rocks?
If you combine texture and composition of rocks as determining factors, then it would be safe to say that rock classification depends on HOW THE ROCK WAS FORMED.

44. This stupid ant won’t burn!!!
Picture is link to BrainPop Weathering Movie. GK is link to review questions game.