1. The Rise of Fascism

2. Post WWI Democratic gains: Challenges to democracy:
attempts to keep out of war:
“spirit of Locarno” Switzerland (1925)
Kellogg-Briand Pact(1928)

3. Turkey
Young Turks
Kemal Ataturk
Western reforms:
Armenians

4. Economic Crisis
1929 stock market crash
effects:

5. Great Britain
National Government formed→coalition of 3 political parties to reduce impacts of depression
Conservative, Liberal, Labour parties
Labour Party est as left wing
Democratic Socialist Party with roots to trade unions
(Tony Blair 1997 & Gordon Brown)
today--low paid working class support
policies and results:

6. France
Socialist policies:
Popular Front
1936
Eduourd Daladier

7. Spartacist Uprising January 5-12, 1919 strikes
disillusionment with Weimar govt.
George Grosz
A deeply disillusioned man, he saw humanity as essentially bestial and the city of Berlin as a sink of depravity and deprivation, its streets crowded with unprincipled profiteers, prostitutes, war-crippled dregs and a variety of perverts. A communist, his feeling of social outrage stimulated him to produce the most biting drawings and paintings. -Trewin Copplestone

8. Fascism defined as (Websters)
A political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts nation & race above individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictator, severe economic and social regulation and forced suppression of the opposition.
a tendency toward or actual exercise of strong autocratic or dictatorial control (army and brutality)

9. Fascism extreme nationalism and militarism a charismatic leader
use of violence especially of paramilitary shock troops
imperialist expansionism
mass propaganda
censorship and control of media
corporate economy
anti-communism

10. anti-liberalism
anti-feminism
anti-parliamentarianism
racism and anti-Semitism
emphasis on machismo, on youth and on action
synthesis of opposites such as revolution and reaction, nationalism and socialism

11. Italy Benito Mussolini Italia irredenta fascio de combattimento
Blackshirts
October 1922 March on Rome
Il Duce
syndicalism Corporate State
beliefs/plans:

12. Weimar Republic origins
October 1918 a sailor mutiny→ rebellion
sailors, soldiers, and workers organized soviets→Germany→verge of a communist revolution
a socialist group emerged and demanded the Kaiser abdicate
November 9, 1918→ republic→until January 1919 passing many worker reforms

13. Weimar weaknesses pressure from both left and right-wing extremists
political violence between left and right
signed the Versailles Treaty under pressure
over 20 political parties
1923 French occupy the Ruhr region after Weimar government suspended reparations
strikes and passive resistance
hyperinflation due to printing of extra money

14. Hitler 1889-1945 Austrian born Early life:
National Socialist German Worker’s Party
Brownshirts or storm troopers (SA)
1923 “beer hall putsch”
Mein Kampf
1930 and 1932 elections
1933 Reichstag fire

16. Propaganda Propaganda made the Third Reich. Joseph Goebbels mass rally
Leni Riefenstahl Triumph of the Will
Hitler Youth and Faith and Beauty
the Volk
SS Schutzstaffel

17. Nazi State Enabling Act (totalitarian state) Third Reich Der Fuhrer
Anti-semitism
1935 Nuremburg laws
1938 November 9 Kristallnacht

18. Goals
Lebensraum
rearmament
autarky
territorial expansion

19. Pacifism of the West Americans and British beliefs: Maginot Line
4 reasons why Hitler was not stopped:
1933:
1934:
1935:

20. Spanish Civil War 1931-1936 background to civil war:
Francisco Franco’s Falange Fascist Party
Pablo Picasso’s Guernica

21. 1936
March-- reoccupies the Rhineland
October-- “Rome to Berlin axis”

22. 1938 March--Anschluss Sudetenland Munich Agreement--appeasement
Neville Chamberlain “peace in our time”

23. Hitler’s henchmen Herman Goering Heinrich Himmler Rudolf Hess
Joseph Goebbels
Martin Bormann
Albert Speer

24. 1939 March--took all of Czechoslovakia Demands for Danzig
August 23--Nazi-Soviet Pact
September 1 invasion of Poland
World War II
blitzkrieg
Finland resists USSR until March ”winter war”