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The Liberal Reforms Last Minute revision 2012. Why were people worried about poverty? Before the 1890s – poverty was seen as the fault of those who were.

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Presentation on theme: "The Liberal Reforms Last Minute revision 2012. Why were people worried about poverty? Before the 1890s – poverty was seen as the fault of those who were."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Liberal Reforms Last Minute revision 2012

2 Why were people worried about poverty? Before the 1890s – poverty was seen as the fault of those who were poor. Charles Booth – Worked with a team of researchers – 4000 people investigated – 31 % of Londoners didn’t earn enough to pay for necessities and save against emergencies Seebohm Rowntree – Also used researchers to investigate families in York. – Found that 28% of people also lived in poverty – Saw that even those who sometimes had enough, would get into difficulties when they had children, or were too old or unwell to work.

3 Why did the Liberal Party worry about the poor? The Labour Party – The new ‘Labour’ party promised to help the poor. New rules meant that more poor people could vote. The liberals worried that Labour would take their support New Liberalism – David Lloyd George, Winston Churchill were new ‘bright stars’ in the Liberal party who had read the research of Booth and Rowntree and wanted to help. National Efficiency – Large numbers of volunteers for the Army during the Boer war were unfit because they were so poor – Germany’s schools were creating clever and fit workers who were out performing Britain’s workforce.

4 What did the Liberals do to help Children? The Children’s Charter (The Children’s Act 1909) – Separate courts and prisons for children – Ban on children going to the pub or buying cigarettes – Local Authorities had to visit children who had been neglected compulsory medical inspections in schools (1907), free medical treatment (1912) free school meals for the poor – 158,000 children had free meals once a day by 1914.

5 What did the Liberals do to help old people? Old age pensions 1909 – Everyone over the age of 70 who earned less than £21 a year was entitled – Single person – 5s a week – Couple 7s 6d Half a million pensioners given the means to live.

6 What did the Liberals do to help working people? Labour exchanges 1909. – Offices where unemployed could look for jobs posted by employers, rather than trudging around National Insurance 1911. – Sick pay – 10s a week from 13 weeks, then 5s a week for 13 weeks – Workers paid 4d a week, employers 3d and government 2d – Unemployment benefit 7s 6d a week for 14 weeks, in return for 2d each from the worker, employer and government.

7 Who opposed the reforms? Those who paid higher taxes to pay for them – The House of Lords, made up of rich landowners Those who thought that being poor was their own fault.

8 The People’s Budget January 1910 – The Liberal Government’s budget was blocked by the House of Lords – The liberals held an election and said ‘if you want the People’s Budget to pass vote for us’ – The Liberals won the election and the House of Lords backed down, passing the budget.

9 Why was this cartoon published in 1910?

10 How useful is source in explaining why the Liberal Reforms were made? Speech by Lloyd George to a Liberal Party meeting in Cardiff, October 1906 I warn you about the Labour Party. I warn you it will become a terrifying force that will sweep away Liberalism. We have a Liberal Parliament, but we must act to help the poor.

11 What is the message?

12 Are you surprised by this picture?


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