1. CAT TOOLS

2. OVERVIEW - DETAILS ESSENTIALS: Types of computer aides CAT vs. MT
General principles of working with CAT tools
SOME OF THIS TODAY!

3. LITERATURE
Geoffrey Samuelsson-Brown, A Practical Guide for Translators (Topics in Translation), Multilingual Matters, 4th edition (May 28, 2004)
H. L. Somers (Editor), Computers and Translation: A Translator's Guide (Benjamins Translation Library, 35), John Benjamins Publishing Co, 1st edition (May 2003)
Bert Esselink, A Practical Guide to Localization (Language International World Directory), John Benjamins Publishing Co, Revised 1st edition (September 2000)
Silvia Pavel and Diane Nolet, Handbook of Terminology, Translation Bureau of Canada, 1st edition (2001)
Frank Austermuhl, Electronic Tools for Translators (Translation Practices Explained), St. Jerome, 1st edition, (April 2001)

4. ESSENTIALS AND MORE ABOUT THE COURSE
IT AND TRANSLATION
ESSENTIALS AND MORE ABOUT THE COURSE

5. TYPES OF COMPUTER AIDES
Computer aides / tools that are relevant to translators can be roughly classified into three groups:
Basic input and editing tools
Reference tools
Productivity tools
WORD PROCESSORS
Electronic books (desktop & web) Electronic dictionaries
Web (Eurodicautom, onelook, etc.) Software-based reference materials (encyclopedias, e-Bible, etc.)
TM tools
MT tools
Speech Technology (i.e. voice recognition)

6. CAT vs MT
As soon as you start using computer software in the process of translating, you are entering the realm of COMPUTER-AIDED TRANSLATION, or CAT in short.
In other words, CAT is a form of translation wherein a human translator translates texts using computer software designed to support and facilitate the translation process.

7. CAT vs MT (continued)
The problem is that COMPUTER-AIDED TRANSLATION, is sometimes also called COMPUTER-ASSISTED TRANSLATION, MACHINE-AIDED TRANSLATION or MACHINE-ASSISTED TRANSLATION.
Due to the latter two terms, CAT is sometimes confused with MACHINE TRANSLATION, or MT in short.

8. CAT vs MT (continued)
Although these two concepts are related and similar in some aspects, CAT and MT denote two diametrically different processes:
In CAT, the computer program merely supports the translator, so the translator translates the text himself/herself, making all the essential decisions involved.
In MT, the translator supports the machine, that is to say: the computer (i.e. program) translates the text, which is then edited by the translator, or, in most cases, not edited at all.

9. Translation Technology Continuum
CAT vs MT (continued)
Graphically represented, the difference is:
Translation Technology Continuum
automation
human involvement
Computer-aided
Translation (CAT)
Automatic
Translation/
Machine Translation
Unaided
Translation
Translation process
automated by use of
Machine Translation
Translation process aided by electronic tools such as (most typically) Translation Memory
Translation process
not aided by any
electronic tools
Adapted from Hutchins & Somers (1992)

10. MT Myth and Realities – true/false
MT produces translation at the press of a button.
Translators are unnecessary.
With MT translators can achieve huge increases in productivity.
In fact, a great deal of work is needed.
No. Big demand for translators & Post Editor
Mostly, such estimates turn out to be over-optimistic or unrealistic.

11. Famous example of Machine Translation
Is it reliable?

12. Translate these examples
Arman meminjam buku baru.
Kemarin Arman mengembalikan buku Tati.
Bapak Taman memperbaiki meja kayu
Low-cost green cars
…all eurozone governments to borrow money
examples are taken from Normasanti (2010) and Sutaryo (2009)

16. Translators play the most important role in translation, machines just help

17. General principles of working with CAT tools
The main goals are EFFICIENCY and CONSISTENCY
CAT tools = TM tools (in this case only)
The basic idea is fairly simple:
Documents, especially technical ones, contain a large amount of content that is similar or identical to information already contained in earlier versions or similar documents that have been translated before.

18. General principles of working with CAT tools
So, wouldn’t it be great to re-use previously translated content as valuable reference material for new translations as well so as to obtain consistency of terminology and phrasing?
That is exactly what CAT tools do!
CAT tools make it possible for translators to work only on content that is being created for the first time. Existing text and text similar to existing text is taken from the available. reference translations (i.e. from TM= translation memory).

19. General principles of working with CAT tools
So, wouldn’t it be great to re-use previously translated content as valuable reference material for new translations as well so as to obtain consistency of terminology and phrasing?
That is exactly what CAT tools do!
CAT tools make it possible for translators to work only on content that is being created for the first time. Existing text and text similar to existing text is taken from the available. reference translations (i.e. from TM= translation memory).

20. TRADOS - a screenshot

21. Other CAT tools (non-TM based)
As we said earlier, computer-assisted translation (CAT) is a broad and somewhat imprecise term covering a range of tools, from the fairly simple to the more complicated, which can include:
Word processors, grammar and spell checkers, terminology managers, eBooks, eDictionaries, full-text search tools, concordancers, web, TM tools, bitexts, etc.

22. CAT - REFERENCE MATERIALS
Reference materials are the primary source of terminology in absence of translation memory.
Computer-based reference materials can be classified into:
Online libraries
Specialized web resources
Specialized software products
Other materials in electronic formats

23. Online Libraries Large collections of books in electronic form, e.g.
eBrary (new scientific books, pay site)
Internet Archive (hosting “A Million Book Project”)
Project Gutenberg (PD fiction books, free)
Questia (popular titles – fiction and non-fiction, pay site – some sections free)

24. Internet Archive

25. eBrary

26. Questia:

27. Questia:

28. Specialized web resources
Online glossaries
e.g.
Online terminology databases
e.g. EURODICAUTOM
Acronym dictionaries
e.g.
Online dictionaries
e.g.
Online corpora (e.g. BNC and COCA)

29. Online glossary – language automation glossary index

30. Online terminology databases - EURODICAUTOM

31. Online terminology databases - EURODICAUTOM

32. Acronym dictionary – www.acronymfinder.com

33. Online dictionary – www.thefreedictionary.com

34. BNC = British National Corpus

35. BNC = British National Corpus

37. COCA= Corpus Of Contemporary American English

39. Specialized software products
Various programs that can be used for terminology extraction:
Electronic dictionaries
General monolingual: e.g. OED v3
Specialized monolingual: e.g. Cambridge Pronouncing Dictionary, Collins Collocations
Bilingual: e.g. Morton Benson, MidiDict
Electronic Bible (e.g. e-Sword)
Concordance programs (e.g. Concordancer)
Data-mining programs (e.g. Summarizer Pro)

40. Electronic dictionaries - OED

41. Electronic Bible - e-Sword

42. Concordancers Make it possible to see a word in context: Two types:
Useful for finding collocations and phrases
Useful for extracting terminology
Two types:
Monolingual concordancers (e.g. WordSmith)
Polylingual concordancers (e.g. ParaConc)

43. Monolingual Concordancer

44. Parallel Concordancer

45. Intellexer Summarizer Pro

46. THE END
R. Arief Nugroho, M.Hum