PSY 1113 Elements of Psychology

PSY 1113 Elements of Psychology
Exam 1 Quiz Bowl PSY 1113 Elements of Psychology

One ____________ would be that older adults make for better drivers than young adults. Thus, a(n) ____________ would be that drivers age 40 and older have fewer traffic accidents than drivers age 16 to 39 have. hypothesis; assumption tenet; theory theory; hypothesis tenet; hypothesis

The ___________ is a thick band of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain.
Broca's area cerebral cortex basal ganglia corpus callosum

The participants in a(n) ____________ do not receive the independent variable or treatment.
control group experimental group hypothetical group scientific group

The major limitation of the correlational approach to research is:
it influences the behavior of the participants via the experimenter's knowledge of who is in which condition. the probability of social desirability bias is extreme. it does not establish whether one variable actually causes the other or vice versa. people do not always accurately report their true thoughts or feelings.

The main function of the ___________ is activating the body, for example, by increasing the heart rate, dilating the pupils of the eyes, or inhibiting digestion. somatic nervous system central nervous system glial cells sympathetic nervous system

The ____________ variable is the outcome, or response to the experimental manipulation.
Predictor Experimental Categorical Dependent

naturalistic observation interviewing
Cal believes that a larger percentage of a city's population will engage in public displays of affection in highly populated cities due to feelings of anonymity when an individual is among a lot of other people. He watches people's interactions with each other in the university area, and unobtrusively counts the number of couples who are holding hands, hugging, or kissing. He then does the same in the sparsely populated city of Stillwater, Oklahoma. The research method Cal used is known as ____________. a true experiment a case study naturalistic observation interviewing

The all-or-nothing principle states that:
if a neuron is not used for a certain period of time, it will disintegrate. only specific neurotransmitters will exert effects on some brain regions. an action potential either fires or does not. an individual has a dense concentration of mirror neurons or none at all.

The ___________ is the positively charged impulse that moves down an axon.
neurotransmission action potential resting potential refractory period

The somatosensory cortex (or sensory strip) is located in which area of the brain?
parietal lobe hypothalamus frontal lobe reticular formation

Since blond hair is a recessive trait, a child will have this hair color only if ___________.
the father has blond hair and the mother has brown hair both parents carry recessive genes for blond hair only one parent carries the recessive gene for blond hair either parent carries a dominant gene for brown hair

Essential body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion are under the control of the _____. somatic nervous system cerebral cortex interneuron system autonomic nervous system

Informed consent to participate in a psychological study means that:
the participant knows his or her role in the study and understands its risks and benefits. the researcher carefully selects and approves each participant for the study. the institution in which the study will be has approved the study. all parties involved in a study—including researchers, participants, and institutional administrators—know the study's results.

Dr. Steinguard wants to demonstrate a cause and effect relationship between stress and memory. Which of the following research methods should he use? Case study Survey method Naturalistic observation Experimental method

A ____________ is anything that changes within or differs between individuals.
Hypothesis Design Variable Theory

The ___________ is a series of neural structures that are important in emotion and motivation.
brain stem limbic system reticular formation sagittal plane

To prevent ethical abuse in psychology research,
psychologists have begun to use only computer models for research rather than human or animal subjects. psychologists use only animal subjects in research. role-play experiments have taken the place of those experiments requiring deception. psychology departments have ethics committees to monitor all proposed research studies.

Information is transmitted between neurons by means of chemicals called ___________.
Catecholamines Gasotransmitters Neurotransmitters Cortisol

The ___________ regulates almost all of our major drives and motives, including hunger, thirst, temperature, and sexual behavior. basal ganglia hypothalamus amygdala hippocampus

_____ is a term used to describe the influences of multiple genes on behavior.
The all or none principle Polygenic inheritance Phenotype Genotype

The advantage of naturalistic observation is:
it allows the psychologist to control the conditions and demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships between variables. it gives researchers a look at real behavior in the real world. it is easy to administer to large numbers of participants. it allows the researcher to ask people directly or indirectly what they think, feel, or have done.

___________ play an important role in the sensation and perception of touch.
Occipital lobes Frontal lobes Parietal lobes Temporal lobes

Professor Mendez found that the correlation between students' life stress scale score and his or her final grade was This correlation coefficient suggests a _____ relationship between the two variables. strong positive strong negative weak positive weak negative

Dr. Butcher calculated a +0
Dr. Butcher calculated a correlation coefficient between the number of days students attended class for the semester and their final exam scores. What can he interpret from this finding? Students' absences caused them to do poorly on the final exam. Students' absence from classes had no effect on their final exam scores. A very large number of students attended classes for the semester. A good attendance record is associated with good performance on the final exam.

The cerebrum is composed of four large areas called ___________.
Lobes Pons Ganglia Thalamus

Which of the following lobes of the brain are the last to develop in humans?
Frontal lobes Parietal lobes Temporal lobes Occipital lobes

Melinda sees a bear in the woods and becomes extremely scared
Melinda sees a bear in the woods and becomes extremely scared. She decides to run away as fast as she can. When she gets home, she calms down, because the bear did not follow her. In this situation, the ___________ prepared Melinda's body to deal with this emergency, and the ___________ relaxed her body after the crisis. sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system central nervous system; sympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system; central nervous system parasympathetic nervous system; sympathetic nervous system

The myelin sheath insulates the ___________ so that the impulse travels more efficiently and strengthens the connection to adjacent neurons. Synapse Acetylcholine Serotonin Axon

Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving information from other neurons?
cell body axon dendrites synapse

The main function of the temporal lobes is ___________.
Smelling Planning Feeling Hearing

A psychologist is studying fathers and their children at a picnic
A psychologist is studying fathers and their children at a picnic. She observes the number of times fathers play with their children. This study is an example of A laboratory study. Naturalistic observation. An experiment. A survey study.

The cerebellum is responsible for:
a person's ability to speak. the activation of bodily systems during prolonged stress. body movement, balance, coordination, and fine motor skills. outward family resemblances, such as the shape of the nose and the face.

In terms of evolution, which of the following human brain regions was the first to emerge?
Limbic System Brain Stem Cerebral Cortex Corpus Callosum

The process of facial recognition is governed primarily by ______.
the left hemisphere of the brain the right hemisphere of the brain the peripheral nervous system the endocrine system

What happens as a correlation approaches +1.00 or -1.00?
The strength of the relationship increases. The strength of the relationship decreases. There is an inversely proportional relationship between the two variables. There is no relationship between the two variables.

The most complex mental functions, such as thinking and planning, take place in the _____.
corpus callosum cerebral cortex cerebellum amygdale

___________ are fingerlike projections that receive incoming messages from other neurons.
Dendrites Pons Ions Synaptic vesicles

The left hemisphere of the brain plays an important role in managing or regulating _____.
speech and grammar spatial perception visual recognition movement in the left side of the body

A _____ is a tiny space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron. glial cell reticular formation synapse basal ganglia

______ refers to the detection of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Subliminal perception Perceptual set Top-down processing Bottom-up process

The ___________ includes the brain and spinal cord.
autonomic nervous system somatic nervous system peripheral nervous system central nervous system

Sarah has major depressive disorder
Sarah has major depressive disorder. The medication she takes to treat her symptoms likely increases the availability of ___________ in her brain. serotonin dopamine oxytocin substance P

You are with friends at a sports bar and take a bite of the extra-hot chicken wings they just ordered. Your initial bite sets your mouth on fire, but after a couple of wings they do not seem nearly as hot. What perceptual process best explains this phenomenon? absolute threshold difference threshold Weber's Law sensory adaptation

Ruth is at a junkyard looking for spare parts for her car
Ruth is at a junkyard looking for spare parts for her car. As she wanders through the rows of cars, she happens upon a particular car which has a familiar set of wheels, windshield, doors, hood, and trunk, and she realizes she is looking at her own model of car. This type of visual perception is known as ____________. atmospheric perspective bottom-up processing perceptual constancy top-down processing

Our sensitivity diminishes when an object constantly stimulates our senses. This process is known as ____________. sensory adaptation perception sensation transduction

The cerebellum is responsible for:
a person's ability to speak. the activation of bodily systems during prolonged stress. body movement, balance, coordination, and fine motor skills. outward family resemblances, such as the shape of the nose and the face.

___________, the genetic material that makes up chromosomes, is a large coiled molecule that contains genes. DNA An allele A gamete A chromosome

Fraternal twins develop from:
two different eggs fertilized by two different sperms. two different eggs fertilized by one sperm. one egg fertilized by two sperms on separate occasions. one fertilized egg split into two independent cells.

____________ is the act of organizing and interpreting sensory experience.
Sensory adaptation Sensation Perception Detection

Which of the following describes Weber's law?
Muscles control the shape of the eye's lens to adjust to viewing objects at different distances. We see what we want to see and hear what we want to hear. The size of a just noticeable difference in stimuli perception is a constant proportion of the intensity of the stimulus. The texture of a surface becomes more tightly packed together and dense as the surface moves to the background.

The ____________ variable is the outcome, or response to the experimental manipulation.
predictor experimental categorical dependent

As young children learn to read, they often have difficulty comprehending what the story is saying because they are working so hard to decode what the words are. This reflects an over-reliance on which type of processing? threshold top-down transduction bottom-up

In which of the following approaches to psychology was introspection the primary research method used to understand thoughts and behavior? Psychophysics Structuralism Empiricism Behaviorism

___________ play an important role in the sensation and perception of touch.
Occipital lobes Frontal lobes Parietal lobes Temporal lobes

In a certain experiment, a research subject is supposed to hear the sound of a bell. The sound of the bell that the research subject can hear in 50 percent the trials is his ____________. absolute threshold sensor resolution perceptual set convergence

Which of the following types of psychologists is most likely to conduct research on how reasoning skills or emotional skills change with age? Clinical psychologist Behavioral psychologist Developmental psychologist Educational psychologist

The existence of extrasensory perception (ESP) _____.
is strongly supported by the results of scientific research is not supported by the results of scientific research has never been studied in scientific research is supported by the results of experimental MRI studies but not by other experimental studies.

Informed consent to participate in a psychological study means that:
the participant knows his or her role in the study and understands its risks and benefits. the researcher carefully selects and approves each participant for the study. the institution in which the study will be has approved the study. all parties involved in a study—including researchers, participants, and institutional administrators—know the study's results.

Because of its location, the ___________ plays a key role in determining the emotional significance of stimuli, especially when they evoke fear. cortex amygdala cingulate gyrus cerebral cortex

Dr. Hughes conducts laboratory studies of the thought processes involved in problem solving. Which of the following types of psychologists is she most likely to be? Cognitive Evolutionary Educational Social

Why would researchers design a study in which neither the participants nor the investigators interacting with them know whether the participants have been assigned to a control group or to an experimental group? In this design it is easier to statistically analyze the results of the study. If the participants were given their choice of groups, the group memberships would be representative. The experimenters' expectancies might influence the participants' behavior. Participation in the study would decrease if people had this knowledge beforehand.

James has received training in medicine and has an MD degree; in addition to offering therapy he can prescribe drugs. Based on this information, it can be concluded that James is a: clinical psychologist. counseling psychologist. psychiatrist. psychologist with his own clinic.

Early humans, as hunter-gatherers, did not know when they would find food. If they found fat, they ate it, because fat could be stored in the body and used later when food might be scarce. For this reason, humans evolved to like fat. Human cravings have not changed much, even though our environments have. So our preference for fatty foods can be attributed to _____________. softwiring differential selection collective efficacy adaptation

A representative sample is a ____________.
subset of the population that truly reflects the characteristics of that population randomly generated series of numbers that help researchers select people to participate in a study research method that employs such techniques as interviewing and surveying number of individuals a researcher knows whom the researcher can easily persuade to participate in a study

Anna is conducting research to find out if people who interact extensively with other people via Facebook are more or less outgoing than those who do not. Anna is most likely a ______________ psychologist. health personality social clinical

A subset of the population is called a ____________.
sample variable size set

The myelin sheath insulates the ___________ so that the impulse travels more efficiently and strengthens the connection to adjacent neurons. synapse axon serotonin acetylcholine

______________ asserts that psychology can be a true science only if it examines observable behavior, not ideas, thoughts, feelings, or motives. Structuralism Behaviorism Socialism Functionalism

The main function of the temporal lobes is ___________.
smelling planning feeling hearing

The medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum are three main parts of the:
forebrain midbrain hindbrain thalamus

When you see the bright color and round shape of a tomato on the vine in your vegetable garden, smell its sun-warmed fragrance, hear the buzzing of a nearby bee, feel the velvety texture of its skin, and taste the flavor as you bite into it, your process of receiving this stimulus energy from the environment is called sensation. selective attention. perception. cognition.

The participants in a(n) ____________ do not receive the independent variable or treatment
control group experimental group hypothetical group scientific group

Which of the following questions is most likely to be discussed by a social psychologist?
Why are we attracted to particular kinds of people? How do our reasoning skills change as we age? How do people visualize objects in their minds? How does parent-infant bonding affect adult relationships?

Which of the options below is not an example of behavior?
Kissing Thinking Crying These are all behaviors

Which of the options below is not an example of a mental process?
Feelings Memory Believing These are all mental processes

Identify the incorrect statement below:
Psychology uses the empirical method. Debate and controversy are a normal part of psychology. Psychology is not a true science. Psychologists can be both researchers and therapists.

What area of psychology does a psychiatrist belong to?
Clinical or Private practice Industrial Academic All psychologists are psychiatrists.

A researcher is investigating why your heart races when you tell a lie
A researcher is investigating why your heart races when you tell a lie. What approach is this researcher likely using? Cognitive Biological Evolutionary Humanistic

A researcher is investigating how different parenting methods affect how a child acts. What approach is this researcher likely using? Psychodynamic Evolutionary Sociocultural Behavioral

Dr. Martin believes that humans have the freedom to choose their own destiny. What approach does Dr. Martin likely use? Sociocultural Humanistic Psychodynamic Cognitive

Dr. Byer is a neuroscientist and psychologist
Dr. Byer is a neuroscientist and psychologist. What approach do you think Dr. Byer uses? Psychodynamic Biological Cognitive Evolutionary

The ideas of which approach most drastically conflict with Freud’s?
Sociocultural Biological Psychodynamic Humanistic

You have observed that poverty rates are higher among certain ethnic group. You hypothesize that this is due to employer discrimination. What is the next step in the scientific method you should take? Publish your opinions to be peer reviewed. Draw conclusions based on your observations. Evaluate the information you have observed. Create an experiment to test your hypothesis.

Marita wants to study how kids interact at recess
Marita wants to study how kids interact at recess. If she wishes to observe their behavior with minimal interference, what type of research should she conduct? Experimental Case study Survey Naturalistic Observation

Dr. Kroger has been studying Ben, a serial killer, for three years now
Dr. Kroger has been studying Ben, a serial killer, for three years now. She interviews Ben twice a month and asks him very detailed questions about topics such as his childhood. What type of research is Dr. Kroger likely performing? Experimental Correlation Naturalistic Observation Case Study

Which of the following is not a disadvantage to surveys:
The sample may not be representative of the entire population of interest. They are expensive and time consuming. The results may be skewed by bias. People may not respond honestly

As gas prices increase, the number of tourists in a given city decreases. These variable are __________ correlated. Positively Not/un Negatively Not enough information

A correlation coefficient of 0.2 indicates a __________ correlation.
Strong Weak Positive Two of the above are correct.

Natasha found that the cost of college correlates with the number of degrees earned. Based on this piece of evidence alone, what can we conclude? As college becomes more expensive, a smaller percentage of the population earns a degree. If colleges charged less, more people would graduate. The cost of college determines the number of people who earn degrees. None of the above.

In order to test whether or not children who witness domestic violence between their parents are more likely to be abusive in their future relationships, Kaitlyn measures and compares the size of fists of children who have and haven’t witnessed domestic violence. This experiment most clearly has issues with which of the following? Extrinsic validity External validity Intrinsic validity Internal validity

Dr. Pervez is testing his latest drug on a sample of people which he divides into two groups. He gives one group his pill; we call this the ____________________________ group. He gives the other group a placebo; we call this the ____________________________ group. Experimental, control Control, experimental Control, placebo Tested, untested

Dr. Romanoff has a strong belief that cell phones cause brain cancer
Dr. Romanoff has a strong belief that cell phones cause brain cancer. She interviews many brain cancer patients and finds that almost all of them have cell phones. Dr. Romanoff is convinced that this proves her theory is true. What is likely to be an issue with any evidence Dr. Romanoff finds that doesn’t directly defy her theory? Demand characteristics Experimenter bias Researcher resilience Random assignment

While participating in a psychology experiment, Johnathon notices the researcher smiles every time a he responds negatively. To please the researcher he begins to respond negatively every time. What term best describes the researcher’s smile? Display cue Reaction clue Experimenter bias Demand Characteristic

In 1963 Milgram conducted an experiment to test the power of obedience
In 1963 Milgram conducted an experiment to test the power of obedience. To do so he allowed participants to believe that they were shocking an individual. After the experiment was over he told the participants the purpose of the experiment and explained that actual electric shocks were not administered. Afterwards, many participants were deeply troubled knowing what they were capable of doing. This was a result of what? Debriefing Privacy Protection Informed Consent

You touch a stove. The nerves in your fingertips sense that the stove is very hot and sends this sensory information to your brain. What type of nerves are being utilized in this description? Motor nerves Efferent nerves Afferent nerves Two of the above are correct.

Michael has been in a serious car accident
Michael has been in a serious car accident. The doctor tells his parents that there is extensive damage to his spinal cord. What part of the nervous system are Michael’s doctors concerned about? The Central Nervous system The Peripheral Nervous system The autonomic nervous system The somatic nervous system

While hiking, Dori runs into a bear
While hiking, Dori runs into a bear. Her pupils dilate with fear, her palms become sweaty, and her heart begins to beat faster. What nervous system is preparing Dori to handle this life threatening situation? Central nervous system Somatic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system

Doug suffers from multiple sclerosis
Doug suffers from multiple sclerosis. This disease affects the ability and speed at which neurons in Doug’s body can conduct neural impulses. What important protective covering would you suspect is deteriorated by this disease? Cell body Myelin Sheath Dendrite Axon

What mechanism temporarily converts a negatively charged neuron to a positively charged neuron as it fires? Resting potential Synapses Action potential Reuptake

If a neuron is not sufficiently stimulated, what will occur?
Nothing, a certain threshold must be reached in order for the neuron to fire. The strength of the signal will decrease. The speed of the signal will decrease. Both b & c are correct

Parker is schizophrenic, therefore he likely has high levels of what neurotransmitter?
Serotonin Dopamine ACh Norepinephrine

Gamma-aminobutyric acid is the most potent depressive neurotransmitter in the human brain and is critical for relaxation. Based on this information you could infer that GABA is a ______________________ neurotransmitter. Excitatory Reuptake Inhibitory Glutamate

This neurotransmitter works similar to painkillers and produces happy euphoric feelings.
GABA Dopamine Endorphins Ach

SSRIs work by ______________________ the reuptake of ______________________ keeping more of this critical neurotransmitter in the _________________________ . Stimulating, serophrine, receptors Inhibiting, serotonin, synapse Increasing, serotonin, receptors Inhibiting, serophrine, synapse

Nathan has drank too much alcohol at a party
Nathan has drank too much alcohol at a party. He is unable to walk without falling down or bumping into something. This is a result of his ___________________ being depressed by the overconsumption of alcohol. Hippocampus Reticular formation Amygdala Cerebellum

Which statement regarding the limbic system is false?
It contains structures that play a role in hunger, thirst, sex, memory, breathing, reflexes, and fear. It is a part of the midbrain. It consists of structures such as the medulla, pons, and cerebellum. All of these statements are true.

When Mary was a young child she accidently fell from a cliff she was playing on and suffered severe injuries. Now, when Mary is near any edge she instantly recalls the memory, bringing back such strong feelings of fear and emotion that she refrains from any horseplay and backs away safely. What brain structure was involved in the association between fear/survival and this memory? Thalamus Medulla Amygdala Reticular formation

Which division of the brain is the most primitive (the first to evolve)?
The centerbrain The forebrain The hindbrain The midbrain

Phineas Gage, a 19th-century railroad worker, had an accident where an iron rod went through his face and into his brain. . After the accident, Phineas’s personality changed dramatically. He became obstinate, moody, irresponsible, selfish, and incapable of taking part in planned activities. What lobe of the brain do you suspect the rod passed through? Occipital Parietal Temporal Frontal

Brian is learning a new language
Brian is learning a new language. What hemisphere of Brian’s brain is dominating the learning process in this scenario? Frontal Right Left Posterior

In relation to what part of the brain would moving the wrist (with little complexity) take up a small space? Motor neurons Motor cortex Sensory cortex Sensory lobe

Nicholas has blue eyes and red hair, but neither of his parents have this coloration. Nicholas’s doctor tells him that this is because the trait “red hair and blue eyes” is carried on a recessive gene. What does this tell us about Nicholas’s parents? One parent carries the gene and one does not. Both parents must carry the gene. Neither parent carries the gene, but both grandparents must. Nicholas has developed a new gene, no information can be determined about his parents.

Dr. Wenger is studying twins separated at birth
Dr. Wenger is studying twins separated at birth. He is particularly interested in the level of similarity (apart from appearance) between the twins despite their completely different upbringings. Dr. Wenger is most likely studying what? Genotypic phenotypes Personality genetics Behavior genetics Phenotypical genotypes

Christine has dyed her hair black, thus changing her ______________________ .
Genotype Phenotype Both a & b None of the above.

Which of the following is not a part of sensation?
Light waves Sound waves Skin pressure Assigning meaning

Carl is a Vietnam War Veteran
Carl is a Vietnam War Veteran. He lost his right arm in battle, but claims that he can still feel its presence. It is often a source of pain for him. What is Carl experiencing? Faint limb Phantom limb A fifth sense This guy is crazy.

Courtney sees an outline of a person. This person is tall and skinny
Courtney sees an outline of a person. This person is tall and skinny. She hears the person speak and determines it is a male voice. Courtney concludes that her older brother must be home. Courtney used what kind of processing to come to this conclusion? Intermediate processing Fast processing Top-down processing Bottom-up processing

James is blasting his music
James is blasting his music. He turns up the volume 5 notches and doesn’t even notice a change in volume. However, when he completely turns off his music and then turns up the volume 5 notches he does notice a change in volume. What concept explains this phenomenon? Absolute threshold theory Signal Detection Theory Freud’s law Weber’s Law

An advertiser flashes positive words for very brief moments throughout his commercial in order to get more viewers to think his product is worthy of buying. What concept is the advertiser hoping to capitalize on? Selective attention Divided attention Subliminal sensation Subliminal perception

Laura is at a football game with many people
Laura is at a football game with many people. Though it is loud, she manages to tune out everyone else’s voice to listen to her best friend speak. This is an example of: The Stroop effect Subliminal perception The cocktail party effect None of the above

Meg dislikes the smell of cigarette smoke
Meg dislikes the smell of cigarette smoke. Initially she is disgusted when she enters the smoking area at a restaurant, but after a while she can hardly smell it anymore. What explains this? Selective attention Divided attention Adaptation Desensitization theory

PSY 1113 Elements of Psychology

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