1. Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior

2. Divisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS)

3. Divisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Nervous System
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS)
Brain and spinal cord
Spinal cord transmits messages between the brain and the rest of the body

4. Divisions of the Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS)
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Network of long nerves
Connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

5. Divisions of the Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System(PNS)
Somatic division
Somatic division (voluntary)
Autonomic division
Autonomic division (automatic)
Sympathetic
(arousal)
Parasympathetic
(calming)

6. The Nervous System Pathways in the nervous system:
Afferent nerves (sensory nerves): carry messages TO the brain and spinal cord
Efferent nerves (motor nerves): carry messages FROM the brain and spinal cord
Neural networks: networks of nerve cells that integrate sensory and motor nerves

7. iRespond Question F
Multiple Choice
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You are listening to a lecture. Then the bell rings in the hallway. In order to hear this stimulus, ______ neurons must carry electrochemical messages from your ears to your brain.
A.) indigent
B.) afferent
C.) efferent
D.) indifferent
E.)

8. Neurons
Neurons: nerve cells that process information and allow communication throughout the body
Cell body: contains the nucleus
Directs the manufacturing of nutrients needed for neural growth and development

9. Neurons Dendrites: receive messages from other neurons
Axons: carry messages destined for other neurons

10. Neurons Myelin sheath: insulates the axon
Increases message speed (thicker = faster)
Terminal buttons: send messages to dendrites of receiving neuron

11. Dendrites are ______.
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice F
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A.) the part of the neuron that is responsible for sending information away from the cell body toward other cells
B.) the branch-like part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving information from other neurons
C.) located inside the cell body
D.) the layer of fat cells that encase and insulate the neuron
E.)

12. _____ allows neurons to speed up the transmission of nerve impulses.
iRespond Question
Multiple Choice F
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A.) Resting potential
B.) Having more than one cell body
C.) The myelin sheath
D.) Acetylcholine
E.)

13. The Neural Impulse
Resting potential: neuron is negatively charged at rest
Action potential: positive electrical charge that sweeps through the neuron

14. The Neural Impulse
All-or–nothing principle: neuron either fires or does not fire (no difference in strength)
Must reach a threshold before firing
Speed varies based on thickness of myelin sheath and length of neuron

15. Synapses and Neurotransmitters
Synapse: space between axon of sending neuron and dendrites of receiving neuron
Neurotransmitters: chemicals that carry messages across the synapse
Fit like a lock and key to receptor sites on the receiving neuron

16. Synapses and Neurotransmitters

17. Synapses and Neurotransmitters
Reuptake: the re-absorption of neurotransmitters
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

18. Brain Structures and Functions

19. Brain Structures and Functions

20. Brain Structures and Functions

21. Brain Structures and Functions

22. iRespond Question F
Multiple Choice
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If a person's cerebellum were damaged in an accident, you would expect the person to have a problem with _____.
A.) breathing and heart rate
B.) seeing and hearing
C.) talking and understanding
D.) balance and muscle coordination
E.)

23. iRespond Question F
Multiple Choice
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The most complex mental functions, such as thinking and planning, take place in the _____.
A.) corpus callosum
B.) cerebral cortex
C.) cerebellum
D.) amygdala
E.)

24. Brain Structures and Functions

25. The Brain’s Hemispheres
Hemispheres: two symmetrical halves of the brain
Operates contralaterally
Lateralization: the dominance of one hemisphere
Left: verbal abilities, thinking, reading, reasoning; sequential
Right: visual-spatial, music, emotional expression, drawing; global
Communicates via the Corpus Callosum

26. Try This

27. Try This

28. Genes and Behavior Chromosome: threadlike structures that contain DNA
23 chromosomes from each parent
DNA carries all our genetic information (genes)

29. Genes and Behavior
Dominant-recessive genes principle: dominant genes override recessive genes
Recessive genes appear only if both genes in a pair are recessive

30. Genes and Behavior
Polygenetic inheritance: the influence of multiple genes on behavior
Behavior genetics: the study of heredity’s influence on behavior
Twin studies
Adoption studies

31. Genes and Behavior Genotype: a person’s genetic heritage
Phenotype: the individual’s observable characteristics
Are a person’s genotype and phenotype always the same?
Why or why not?

32. iRespond Question F
Multiple Choice
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Molly’s natural hair color is brown but she has had it dyed blonde. Molly changed her _________.
A.) phenotype
B.) genotype
C.) chromosomes
D.) genetic heritage
E.)