1. Apartheid in South Africa

2. South African Law established 4 major separate ethnic groups
White
Black
Coloured
Indian

3. Separate and Not Equal
Education, medical care, beaches, and other public services were segregated leaving the non-whites with a substantially inferior standard of living.

5. Townships
Residential areas were segregated and non-whites were forced to live in Townships which were often raided by police.

6. Nelson Mandela
Non-whites were required to carry their pass to travel in White areas.
Nelson Mandela publicly burned his pass as a form of protest in 1960.

7. Reform and Renewal
The 1980´s brought reforms which failed to satisfy activists.
International pressure
Although Apartheid officially ended in 1990, the open elections in 1994, which brought Nelson Mandela to the presidency, are considered the real end to the era.

8. Who is this book about?
Bantu Stephen Biko ( ) was an Anti-Apartheid activist in the 60´s and 70´s.
He formed the Black Consciousness Movement which promoted racial pride.
He was killed in police custody and is considered a martyr of the movement.

9. Who else is the book about?
Donald Woods ( ) was a journalist and activist.
He became friends with Biko although at first he did not agree with his beliefs.
He took pictures of Biko after his death and had to escape from South Africa after being harrassed and fearing for his life.