1. Smartphone Usage for Educational Purposes
Stefanie Boss, Nick Bonasoro, Donte Gittens, Don Kellough, Casey Schehl, and Kimberley Theodore

2. Background Information
Franklin Pierce University is a small, private regionally accredited liberal arts university
Founded on November 14, 1962
Located in Rindge, New Hampshire
Population of 1,501 students

3. Nature of the Problem
Smartphones traditionally used for texting and social media, are now becoming more of an educational tool
However, Having a smartphone out in class may have a consequence
Now that Smartphones have internet access, information can be found easily and quickly
More can be taught with the use of smartphones in class

4. Purpose of the Project
Conduct a study of Franklin Pierce University students to see if smartphones are being used for educational purposes in and outside of the classroom
This study will help instructors see if smartphone interactive classes are benefiting the students

5. Problem Statement
Research is necessary to determine if smartphone usage by the Franklin Pierce University community is being used for educational purposes.

6. Research Objectives
1. Research the literature related to educational purposes associated with smartphones.
2. Identify how many hours a day students and instructors use their smartphones.
3. Determine what educational apps are used currently by the Franklin Pierce community.
4. Determine if the Franklin Pierce community is supportive developing and expanding educational app technology.
5. Determine if students utilize apps on their own without the direction of their instructors.
6. Determine if instructors currently use educational apps with their students.
7. Identify the demographic profiles that relate to the above objectives.

7. Literature Review Educational Apps JotNot Pro
Turns a picture of text into a PDF file (1)
CourseSmart
Sells electronic versions of textbooks and offers a free iPhone app to read books purchased through its service (1)

8. Literature Review Task-specific App
Allows professors to take attendance on their smartphone
Has a flashcard function that helps learn names of students (1)
Splash Math
Allows students to work on problems
at their own pace
Provides immediate feedback to answers (2)

9. Literature Using smartphones as references
Students can look up questions they have while reading to better understand the text
Students can find the meaning to vocabulary they don’t know almost instantly
In a lot of texts there is no index or glossary provided and searching for a word in the dictionary takes more time (making students less likely to look up the word)
Looking words up on smartphone also gives visuals to better understand the text (3)

10. Literature Review Seton Hall University Mobile computing program
When they look at new technology they focus on how students and faculty would use it
Professors incorporated the smartphones into their lesson plans (4)
Franklin Pierce University
Study in 2011, showed that 52% of students used their smartphone for educational purposes (5)

11. Literature Review Trends in Smartphone Usage
WhatsApp is a new communication trend that is still growing
App facilitating the exchange of instant messages, pictures, videos, and voice calls through and internet connection
Displays one of the most important features of a smartphone which is to communicate by either text or audio
In a study, WhatsApp accounted for 20 % of a person’s daily smartphone usage and also found that females used the app more than males (6)

12. Literature Review Trends in Smartphone Usage Smartphone addiction
There are is still controversy over whether it is appropriate to apply the word “addiction” to the overuse of smartphones
People who use their smartphones too often may end up having problems communicating with people face-to-face and are likely to struggle more with academics
Smartphones have become easier to access and are less expensive than they once were (7)

13. Literature review
Although smartphones have proven to be an aid in students learning, many professors are still against allowing them in the classroom
Some Professors see mobile devices are a distraction to attention, learning and participation
If permitted in the classroom, they must be closely monitored
Many students disagree saying, as technology continues to grow, laptops and smartphones are basically all students use to learn with, except for the occasional use of a text book
Most teachers who are open to using smartphones as an educational use, are just unsure on how to successfully make sure all the students are staying focused (8)

14. Methodology and Procedures
Problem Identification
Smartphones can be used as an educational tool for students but instructors are not encouraging the use of them in the classroom
2011 Franklin Pierce University students conducted a research study partly on students using smartphones for education
Only about half the students surveyed said they did
With the growth of technology between then and now, surely the percentage has increased

15. Methodology and Procedures
Development of Survey
The survey that consisted of 14 questions pertained to the research objectives, problem statement, and literature review
The questionnaire that we came up with was revised three times
1st by our classmates
2nd by Professor Jason Little
3rd by Professor Robert Welsch
Our questionnaire was approved to start handing out on November 6th

16. Methodology and Procedures
Definition of Population
Students of Franklin Pierce University in Rindge, New Hampshire
About 1,600 undergraduates
Sample Size
Total of 160 students
40 freshman, 40 sophomores, 40 juniors, and 40 seniors
20 males and 20 females from each class standing

17. Methodology and Procedures
Data Collection Method
The data collection method used was self-administered surveys, and nonprobability convenience quota sampling
Our research team started collecting data on November 7th

18. Methodology and Procedures
Assumptions
Respondents answer the questions accurately in their entirety with complete honesty
Results are going to be based on Franklin Pierce University students that are undergraduates on the Rindge campus
Limitations
The time in which the study has to be completed made us unable to use the probability sampling method
This method would have given each student on campus an equal chance of being chosen to take a questionnaire

19. Data collection method

20. Mean: Mode:12

26. What do you use your smartphone for?
Mode: Social Media
100% surveyed used smartphones for social media

33. Which educational apps have you used?
Mode: Outlook
84% surveyed have used the Outlook app

42. Mean:19 Mode:21

44. Do you use your smartphone for educational purposes?
What is your class standing? Do you use your smartphone for educational purposes? Crosstabulation
Do you use your smartphone for educational purposes?
Total
Yes No
What is your class standing?
Freshman 35 6 41
Sophomore 31 2 33
Junior 10
Senior 38 40
135 20
155

45. Instructors encourage students to use apps in class
Instructors encourage students to use apps in class. Instructors encourage students to use apps outside of class. Crosstabulation
Instructors encourage students to use apps outside of class.
Total
strongly disagree
disagree
neither agree nor disagree
agree
strongly agree
Instructors encourage students to use apps in class. 3 6 1 14 21 9 45
neither agree or disagree 5 40 26 2 76 16 4 7 23 71 51
155

48. Discussion
87% of students surveyed said they used their smartphone for educational purposes
In the study done in 2011, 52% of students said they used their smartphone for educational purposes (5)
Showing a 35% increase in smartphone usage for educational purposes

49. Discussion
The research obtained showed that the average hours a student is on their smartphone is 8.6
For more than half the day students are awake they are using their smartphone
This relates to smartphone addiction and whether or not overusing it can be called addiction (7)

50. Discussion
43% of students surveyed said their professors never utilize smartphones during class
Some professors see smartphones as a distraction during class (8)
The research obtained also shows 10% of students agree instructors advise students to use apps in class and 33% agree instructors advise students to use apps outside of class
Most instructors who are open to using smartphones for education don’t know how to make sure students are staying focused (8)

51. Conclusion
Objective 1
Research the literature related to educational purposes associated with smartphones
Our research team concluded that 87% of students are using smartphones for educational purposes
Objective 2
Identify how many hours a day students and instructors use their smartphones.
The surveys taken showed students were on there smartphones for an average of 8.6 hours a day and a mode of 12 hours

52. Conclusion
Objective 3
Determine what educational apps are used currently by the Franklin Pierce community.
Outlook: 84%
Canvas:74%
Objective 4
Determine if the Franklin Pierce community is supportive developing and expanding educational app technology.
40% of students said their instructors are supportive of expanding educational app technology

53. Conclusion
Objective 5
Determine if students utilize apps on their own without the direction of their instructors.
63% of students said they utilize educational apps on their own
Objective 6
Determine if instructors currently use educational apps with their students.
43% of students said their professor never uses smartphones in class and 40% said they use smartphones once a week
10% of students say their instructors encourage them to use apps in class

54. Identify the demographic profiles that relate to the above objectives.
Conclusion
Objective 7
Identify the demographic profiles that relate to the above objectives.
51% female
49% male
26% freshmen
21% sophomores
27% juniors
26% seniors
Mean age: 19

55. Recommendations
More use of smartphones in the classroom for educational purposes
Workshop for professors to show positive benefits of using smartphone technology in the classroom
Students suggest educational programs on smartphones to instructors related to curriculum

56. References
(1) Young, J. (2011). Top Smartphone Apps to Improve Teaching, Research, and Your Life. Retrieved from b1e4fb725772%40sessionmgr120&vid=17&hid=102
(2) Zhang, M. (2015). Using Math Apps for Improving Student Learning: An Exploratory Study in an Inclusive Fourth Grade Classroom. Retrieved from b1e4fb725772%40sessionmgr120&vid=21&hid=102
(3) Bromley, K. (2013). Using Smartphones to Supplement Classroom Reading. Retrieved from b1e4fb725772%40sessionmgr120&vid=24&hid=102
(4 )Igoe, D. (2013). Smartphones as tools for delivering sun-smart education to student. The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association, 59(1), Retrieved from de8f5510d390%40sessionmgr102&vid=4&hid=102
(5) Eager, J, Montesi, T, Shibly, N, Taylor, K, Wong, A. (2011). Smartphones: Comparitive Shopping and Educational Use. Retrieved from
(6) Montag, C. (2015). Smartphone usage in the 21st century: who is active on WhatsApp? Retrieved from b1e4fb725772%40sessionmgr120&vid=39&hid=102

57. References
(7) Chen, N. (2013). The Integration of Print and Digital Content for Providing Learners with Constructive Feedback Using Smartphones. Retrieved from b1e4fb725772%40sessionmgr120&vid=32&hid=102
(8)Jeong, J. (2015). Personality Factors Predicting Smartphone Addiction Predisposition: Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems, Impulsivity, and Self-Control. Retrieved from
(9) Shuter, R. (2016). End The Classroom War On Mobile Devices. Retrieved from
(10) Franklin Pierce University Student Handbook. ( ). Cell Phone & Personal Electronic Device Use. Electronic Device Course Policy. Retrieved from Student-Handbook-FPU.pdf
(11) Franklin Pierce University Website. (2016). About. Retrieved from
(12 )PC Magazine. ( ). Encyclopedia. Retrieved from