1. EUROWATERNET-Emissions
EEA - ETC Water / EIONET WORKSHOP
Budapest, Hungary 11-12th November 2004
Benoît FRIBOURG-BLANC
Andre-Francois BOSCHET
Bruno POIZAT

2. Development of pressure indicators the DPSIR4
Impact D 1
Driving force R 5
Response P 2
Pressure
Emissions S 3
State
(adapted from Latvian Environment Agency 2002)

3. Development of pressure indicators Data collection and organisation in EWN-e
Identification of the source: the Driving Force that generate the emission
Identification of the pollutants (determinands)
Identification of the geographical area
Use of a temporal aggregation : the year

4. Development of pressure indicators The Use of EPER data for big industries
Emissions to water of Total Nitrogen (threshold : kg/year)
Ni and compounds (threshold 2kg/year)

5. Number of emissions for 26 substances per group
Development of pressure indicators The Use of EPER data for big industries
Number of emissions for 26 substances per group
AT BE DE DK ES FI FR GR IE IT LU NL NO PT SE UK
ORGANIC POLLUTION AND NUTRIENTS

6. Development of pressure indicators The use of data collected from voluntary participants
Nutrient data from Denmark, example on Total Nitrogen from urban, industrial, agriculture, and natural sources, in 1989 and 1999

7. Development of pressure indicators The use of data collected
Data from Eurostat, example on BOD from all sources in 1990

8. (172 WWTP, 69 agglomerations)
Development of pressure indicators The use of data collected from voluntary participants
Emissions of Urban Waste Water Treatment plants in the Tevere River basin per Italian region in 2002 for 5 determinands
(172 WWTP, 69 agglomerations)

9. Database on emission factors Definition and objectives
An emission factor is the estimated average emission rate of a given pollutant for a given source, relative to units of activity. It can be expressed by a quantity or by a concentration. It is often derived from a thorough description and monitoring of case studies.
Objective of the project : to gather emission factors from various sources in an easy-to-use database.
Objective of the database : to give a reliable information to estimate emissions to water, for a given source and a given pollutant.

10. Context
One of the activities of the task 12 developed by the EEA was the organisation of dataflows for the development of indicators. A need to have access to methodologies for the estimation of emissions, similar to what have been developed for air, has been expressed.
Emission factors applied to available statistical or administrative data are used to give a proxy indication of the level of emission.
IOW proposed to develop a database of various emission factors in collaboration with voluntary partners.

11. Usefulness of the emission factor
An emission factor can be used to estimate the emission load for a small source or a source that is not regularly monitored.
Exemple : For a manufacture of dyes and pigments (NACE code : 24.12), 10,64 g of Zinc and compounds discharged per year and for 1000 kg of manufactured dyes and pigments, before urban treatment.
- Industry characteristics similar
- Production of 20 tons of dyes and pigments per year
20 x 10,64 = 212,8 g of Zinc discharged in
waste waters per year.

12. Emission factor formula
EF = Ec x CV
With EF : Emission Factor
Ec : Emission (in kg for example)
CV : Characteristic Value, in a characteristic value unit (kg of finish product, for example)
Example for an industry of printing on wool :
EF = 1,33 kg of chromium per ton of textile dyed Ec CV

13. Information required
Pollutant source: Any type of source is welcome (industries, transports, household…diffuse or point sources).
Substance: associated with the CAS code.
Emission factor (average, maximum, minimum or median value, or a formula) associated to a unit, and a characteristic value.
Discharge step (raw or net pollution), and the type of treatment (industrial, urban, independent, or no treatment)
Information concerning the context of the emission factor: date of the measure, place precision, comments, application sector of the emission factor…

14. Organisation of the database main tables structure
T_SUBSTANCES
T_REFERENCES
T_EMISSION FACTORS
T_NACE POLLUTANT ACTIVITY
T_POLLUTANT ACTIVITY (EWN classification)
T_TEF POLLUTANT ACTIVITY
T_NFR POLLUTANT ACTIVITY

15. Data conceptual model

16. A SUBSTANCE AND A POLLUTANT ACTIVITY
Application
The aim of the database is to provide emission factors after a selection on one or two fields.
Possibility to have emission factors linked to :
A SUBSTANCE AND A POLLUTANT ACTIVITY
A SUBSTANCE
A POLLUTANT ACTIVITY
A NACE ACTIVITY
A NFR ACTIVITY

17. Available data Supplier Organisation Description Kees Baas
Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Task group of Environment Statistics
Households and Industries emissions
Rudy Vannevel and Koor Van Hoof
Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij (Belgium)
Several diffuse sources of metals: Households, agriculture, traffic and transports,
Michael Nagy
Umweltundesamt (Austria)
Municipal point source pollution
Mario Zec, Danijela Sabic
Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia, Water Quality Section
Industries emissions
Kaia Oras
Statistical Office of Estonia
Households emissions
PRB Odense
Diffuse sources - transport by flows
French Water Agencies

18. Available data
Examples of emission factors given by Kees Baas (Statistics Netherlands) :
Household (NFR code : 6.B.2) : 4,285 kg of total Nitrogen are discharged per year and per inhabitant in the Netherlands, before urban treatment.
Manufacture of dyes and pigments (NACE code : 24.12) : 10,64 g of Zinc and compounds are discharged per year and for 1000 kg of manufactured dyes and pigments, before urban treatment.

19. Available data
Examples of emission factors given by Rudy Vannevel (Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij – Belgium) :
Metabolic household : 340 µg of Zinc per litre of waste water. This data is available for a waste water outflow of 136 l per day per inhabitant.
Traffic (main regional roads) : 1,731 kg of Cadmium per ha of road

20. Available data November 2004
emission factors provided by partners.
In the database:
5 700 emission factors ( to be included after processing).
131 substances.
87 references.

21. Database operation
First step: choose a search type :

22. Database operation
Then, choose a substance :
And a pollutant source :

23. Results part « emission factor »
Several results

24. Results part « further details »

25. Results part « references »
Several references

26. Conclusion Progress with the pressure indicators:
A continuous need for more data and new volunteers,
A close link with spatial analysis,
Can start very easily from a small dataset and extend the coverage afterwards
Progress with the emission factors database:
Data gathered into a unique database.
Easy to use product, no need to know how Microsoft Access works.
A data dictionary, a notice for the use.
Future developments:
more data,
Selection of emission factors by other ways: discharge step, characteristic value…