1. How Would You Like to Live Like This?
Video clip

2. Distribution of Global Aerosols Animation

3. Examples of Particulates and Relative Size
Clean Air Carolina
Examples of Particulates and Relative Size

4. Our Atmosphere

5. Outdoor Air Pollution Primary Pollutants Most Natural StationaryCO
CO2
Primary Pollutants
Secondary Pollutants
SO2 NO
NO2
SO3
Most hydrocarbons
HNO3
H2SO4
Most suspended
particles
H2O2 O3
PANs
SO4
Most 2 –
NO3 –
and
salts
Natural
Stationary
Mobile

6. Criteria Pollutants monitored closely by the EPA
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Tropospheric ozone (O3)
Particulate matter (soot, dust, sulfates, nitrates, etc)
Lead (enters as a particulate pollutant)
Note on chart

8. What are the Consequences of Some Daily Activities?
Air Pollutant
Corresponding color/mix
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Pinch of lemonade mix
Nitrous Oxides (NOx)
Pinch of cocoa drink mix
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
One drop red food coloring
Lead (Pb)
One drop green food coloring
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
One drop blue food coloring
Particulate Matter (PM)
Pinch of ground charcoal
Ozone (O3)
One drop yellow food coloring

9. What is Your Air Quality?
If the air pollution around you were this apparent, would you want to breathe the air? What other sources of air pollution beyond those mentioned in this demonstration, could you think of as being produced in a single day? How is our air a “commons”? How is this demonstration an example of the “Tragedy of the Commons?” What could you do to reduce your impact on the air we all breathe?

10. Photochemical Smog
Photochemical smog is a mixture of air pollutants formed by the reaction of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic hydrocarbons when they are exposed to sunlight.
More than 100 primary and secondary pollutants can be formed.

11. Photochemical Smog (brown air smog)F

12. Photochemical Smog ground level ozone (O3)
+ other photochemical
VOC + NOx + heat + sunlight oxidants
+ aldehydes
+ other secondary air pollutants
Video notes

13. Industrial Smog – Gray Air Smog
Particulates
Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfuric Acid

14. China’s Air Pollution Problem

15. Temperature Inversions
During daylight hours, the sun warms the ground which warms the air near the Earth’s surface. The warm air rises as more dense cool air displaces it. Any pollution in the air normally disperses in the turbulence caused by the mixing of the air. Temperature Inversion occurs when a layer of warm air traps the layer of cool air near the Earth’s surface. Pollutants are not dispersed but continue to build up in the still, stagnant air.
Video notes

16. Temperature Inversions

17. Los Angeles
Descending warm air mass
Inversion layer
Increasing altitude
Sea breeze
Mountain
range
Decreasing temperature
Sea breezes keep the air and pollution onshore, and the mountains prevent the air from escaping. The cold air aloft acts as a lid.

18. Emission Reduction

19. Electrostatic Precipitator
Cleaned gas
Electrodes
Dust discharge
Dirty gas

20. Bags
Baghouse Filter
Cleaned gas
Dirty gas
Dust discharge

21. Cleaned gas
Dirty gas
Cyclone Separator
Dust discharge

22. Dirty gas
Cleaned gas
Clean
water
Wet
gas
Dirty water
Wet Scrubber - Remove 98% of SO2 and particulate matter

23. Solutions Motor Vehicle Pollutions Prevention Cleanup Mass transit
Emission control
devices
Bicycles and walking
Improve fuel efficiency
Less polluting fuels
Less polluting engines
Get older, polluting
cars off the road
Car exhaust
Inspections
twice a year
Give buyers tax write-
offs for buying low-
polluting, energy-
efficient vehicles
Stricter emission
standards
Restrict driving in
polluted areas

24. Carpooling????
Videio notes

25. Improve energy efficiency to reduce fossil fuel use
Solutions
Air Pollution
Reduce poverty
Prevention
Cleanup
Improve energy efficiency
to reduce fossil fuel use
Distribute cheap and efficient cookstoves to poor families in developing countries
Rely more on lower-polluting natural gas
Rely more on renewable energy (especially solar cells, wind, and solar-produced hydrogen)
Reduce or ban indoor smoking
Develop simple and cheap test for indoor pollutants such as particulates, radon, and formaldehyde
Transfer technologies for latest energy efficiency, renewable energy, and pollution prevention to developing countries.

26. How Can Laws Be Improved?
Rely on pollution prevention rather than cleanup.
Increase fuel efficiency standards for cars, SUVs and light trucks.
Regulate the emissions from inefficient 2 cycle engines (lawnmowers, leaf blowers, jet skis, outboard motors, etc)
Regulate pollution from oceangoing ships in American ports.
Amend the Clean Air Laws to deal with emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
Better enforcement of the Clean Air Act