1. Built-in Functions. Usage of Wildcards
Most important built-in functions. How to take advantage of wildcards?
Databases
Basics
SoftUni Team
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2. Table of Contents String built in functions SQL Server/MySQL
Math built in functions SQL Server/MySQL
Date built in functions SQL Server/MySQL
Other built in functions SQL Server/MySQL
Like + Wildcards
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3. Questions
sli.do #8594

4. String Functions © Software University Foundation – http://softuni.org
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5. SQL Server MySQL LEN LEN(ColumnName) LENGTH(column_name)*
LEN
SQL Server
MySQL
LEN(ColumnName)
LENGTH(column_name)
CHAR_LENGTH(column_name)
Returns the length of the given string. The difference in MySQL is that LENGTH returns the number of bytes used by the characters in the string. The CHAR_LENGTH returns the exact number of characters.
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6. CONCAT(param1, param2, …, paramN)*
CONCAT
SQL Server/MySQL
CONCAT(param1, param2, …, paramN)
Converts the letters of the parameter to lower/upper case.
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7. LOWER/UPPER(ColumnName)*
LOWER / UPPER
SQL Server/MySQL
LOWER/UPPER(ColumnName)
Converts the letters of the parameter to lower/upper case.
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8. LEFT/RIGHT (ColumnName, TakeQuantity)*
LEFT / RIGHT
SQL Server/MySQL
LEFT/RIGHT (ColumnName, TakeQuantity)
Takes a number of letters starting from the left/right side of the string.
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9. LTRIM/RTRIM(ColumnName)*
LTRIM / RTRIM
SQL Server/MySQL
LTRIM/RTRIM(ColumnName)
Trims from white spaces from the left/right.
MySQL has TRIM function!
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10. SUBSTRING(ColumnName, StartIndex, Length)*
SUBSTRING
SQL Server/MySQL
SUBSTRING(ColumnName, StartIndex, Length)
Returns a substring of the string
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11. SQL Server MySQL CHARINDEX LOCATE(substr, CHARINDEX(substr, str, str,*
CHARINDEX
SQL Server
MySQL
CHARINDEX(substr,
str,
[position])
LOCATE(substr,
str,
position)
Returns the start index of the substring in the big string. Returns 0 if no index is found.
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12. REPLACE(StringExpression, StringPattern, StringReplacement)*
REPLACE
SQL Server/MySQL
REPLACE(StringExpression, StringPattern, StringReplacement)
Replaces the given string pattern with the replacement string.
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13. SQL Server MySQL REPLICATE REPLICATE(ColumnName, NumberOfTimes)*
REPLICATE
SQL Server
MySQL
REPLICATE(ColumnName,
NumberOfTimes)
REPEAT(column_name,
number_of_times)
Repeats the given string, given number of times.
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14. SQL Server/MySQL REVERSE REVERSE(ColumnName) Reverses the given string*
REVERSE
SQL Server/MySQL
REVERSE(ColumnName)
Reverses the given string
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15. SQL Server MySQL STUFF / INSERT STUFF(ColumnName, StartIndex, Length,*
STUFF / INSERT
SQL Server
MySQL
STUFF(ColumnName,
StartIndex,
Length,
InsertStr)
INSERT(column_name,
start_index,
length,
insert_str)
Deletes length number of symbols starting from the given start index and then inserts the given insert string at the start index.
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16. Math Functions

17. SQL Server/MySQL PI PI() Returns the value of PI *
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18. SQL Server/MySQL ABS ABS(Number)*
ABS
SQL Server/MySQL
ABS(Number)
Returns the absolute value of a given number.
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19. SQL Server/MySQL FLOOR / CEILING FLOOR/CEILING(number)*
FLOOR / CEILING
SQL Server/MySQL
FLOOR/CEILING(number)
Return the lower/higher integer number to the given number.
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20. SQL Server MySQL POWER POWER(NumberToRaise, Power)*
POWER
SQL Server
MySQL
POWER(NumberToRaise,
Power)
POW(number_to_raise,
power)
Returns the given number raised to the given power
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21. SQL Server/MySQL Random RAND() RAND(Seed)*
Random
SQL Server/MySQL
RAND()
RAND(Seed)
Returns a random number between 0 and 1. If the seed is the same, the generated random number is also the same.
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22. SQL Server/MySQL ROUND ROUND(Number, Precision)*
ROUND
SQL Server/MySQL
ROUND(Number,
Precision)
Rounds the numbers after the floating point of a given float number.
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23. SQL Server/MySQL SIGN SIGN(Number)*
SIGN
SQL Server/MySQL
SIGN(Number)
Returns (-1, 0, 1) depending on the sign of the number.
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24. SQL Server/MySQL Square Root SQRT(Number) *
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25. Date Functions

26. SQL Server MySQL Date Addition DATEADD( DatePart, Quantity,*
Date Addition
SQL Server
MySQL
DATEADD(
DatePart,
Quantity,
ColumnName)
DATE_ADD(
column_name,
INTERVAL quantity
date_part)
Add a number of “intervals” to the date.
(c) 2007 National Academy for Software Development - All rights reserved. Unauthorized copying or re-distribution is strictly prohibited.*

27. SQL Server MySQL Date Difference DATEDIFF( DatePart, FirstDate,*
Date Difference
SQL Server
MySQL
DATEDIFF(
DatePart,
FirstDate,
SecondDate)
DATEDIFF(
first_date,
second_date)
In SQL Server, returns the difference of the given date part.
In MySQL, returns the difference in days.
(c) 2007 National Academy for Software Development - All rights reserved. Unauthorized copying or re-distribution is strictly prohibited.*

28. SQL Server MySQL Date Name DATENAME( DAYNAME(date) DatePart, Date)*
Date Name
SQL Server
MySQL
DATENAME(
DatePart,
Date)
DAYNAME(date)
In MySQL returns the name of the day of the week.
In SQL Server, returns what the desired date part is.
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29. SQL Server MySQL Day / Month / Year DAY / MONTH / YEAR(Date) DAY /*
Day / Month / Year
SQL Server
MySQL
DAY /
MONTH /
YEAR(Date)
DAY /
DAYOFMONTH / DAYOFYEAR(date)
(c) 2007 National Academy for Software Development - All rights reserved. Unauthorized copying or re-distribution is strictly prohibited.*

30. SQL Server MySQL GETDATE() NOW() Current Time*
Current Time
SQL Server
MySQL
GETDATE()
NOW()
Returns the current date and time.
(c) 2007 National Academy for Software Development - All rights reserved. Unauthorized copying or re-distribution is strictly prohibited.*

31. Other Functions

32. SQL Server/MySQL Cast CAST (expression AS type)*
Cast
SQL Server/MySQL
CAST
(expression AS type)
Casts an expression to a give type.
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33. SQL Server MySQL Conversion CONVERT(type, expr) CONVERT(expr, type)*
Conversion
SQL Server
MySQL
CONVERT(type, expr)
CONVERT(expr, type)
Converts from one type to another
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34. SQL Server MySQL Null Check ISNULL( CheckExpression, ReplacementValue)*
Null Check
SQL Server
MySQL
ISNULL(
CheckExpression,
ReplacementValue)
IFNULL(
check_expression,
replacement_value)
Converts from one type to another
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35. Wildcards

36. Using LIKE syntax
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE pattern;

37. Wildcards % - A substitute for zero or more characters
_ - A substitute for a single character
[charlist] – Sets and ranges of characters to match
[^charlist] or [!charlist] – Matches only a character not in the brackets (Not working in MYSQL)

38. Summary
There are a lot of built in functions that can help us make some programmable logic inside the database.
There are some differences between the SQL Server and the MySQL functions, but almost all of them have their equivalent in one way or another.

39. Built-in Functions https://softuni.bg/courses/
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40. License
This course (slides, examples, demos, videos, homework, etc.) is licensed under the "Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International" license
Attribution: this work may contain portions from
"Databases" course by Telerik Academy under CC-BY-NC-SA license
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