1. Turn of the Century
The focus of this unit is America’s “second industrial revolution,” including the continued movement west, the rise of corporations, and immigration.

2. Unit 3
Social Studies Guide

3. They could sell their cattle there for more money.
1. What was the reasoning behind sending cattle to the North and East to be sold?
They could sell their cattle there for more money.

4. 2. What is the difference between supply and demand?
Demand is the amount of something that people want to buy at a certain price.
Supply is the amount of something that people want to sell at certain prices.

5. Settlers blocked the trails with barbed wire fences.
3. How did the invention of barbed wire change the lives of cattle ranchers?
Settlers blocked the trails with barbed wire fences.

6. 4. How does a company become a monopoly?
It bought smaller companies to reduce competition.

7. 5. How did labor unions help people that worked in factories?
It tried to improve pay and working conditions for its members.

8. 6. How did Asian immigrants differ from European immigrants?
They faced more prejudice, they had to stay on Angel Island for weeks, months, or even years. They sent back 25% of the Asians to their homeland.

9. 7. Why did companies like to hire immigrants?
They hired immigrants because they worked hard for little pay.

10. 8. Why did Americans want to put a stop to immigration?
They were worried about losing their jobs to immigrants.

11. 9. What was the purpose of developing rapid transit systems in the US?
Its purpose was to move people around cities quickly.

12. 10. How did the inventions in the late 1800’s affect businesses?
New machines saved time, money, and improved life for many people. Also people could work faster and complete more jobs.

13. 11. Name 2 important technologies that changed cities in the late 1800s.
Two important technologies were:
1) Steel building frames for skyscrapers.
2) Electricity for sending electricity through wires.

14. 12. How did overcrowding in cities affect people?
Many people lived in slums in buildings called tenements.

15. 13. How did Upton Sinclair’s book, The Jungle, help improve society?
Congress passed two laws to make food safer.

16. 14. What caused cattle drives to disappear?
The invention of barbed wire fences, the growth of railroads, too many cattle and not enough grass/food.

17. 15. What caused cities to grow between 1860 and 1910?
Millions of immigrants moved to the US.

18. 16. What areas became US territories?
The new territories were Alaska and Hawaii.

19. Spain gave Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam to the US.
17. What did the US receive from Spain as a result of the Spanish-American War?
Spain gave Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam to the US.

20. 18. What event led to Congress declaring war on Spain?
The US Navy ship Maine exploded in Havana harbor, Cuba .