1. Chapter 4
Population Ecology

2. Question 2
What is a group of individuals that interbreed and produce fertile offspring?

3. Answer
Species

4. Question
What do members of a species that live together in the same area at the same time make up?

5. Answer
Population

6. Question
All the fish, snakes, turtles, and frogs living in a pond make up a what?

7. Answer
community

8. Question
What includes all the living things and their physical environments in a particular area?

9. Answer
ecosystem

10. Question
What are parts of an ecosystem that are living or used to be living called?

11. Answer
Biotic Factors

12. Question
What is anything an organism needs included nutrition, shelter, breeding sites, and mates called?

13. Answer
resources

14. Question
A flock of seagulls are sitting on the boardwalk. There is a lot of them! How would you determine the population size?

15. Answer
Sampling
Count how many birds are in a small area then use that ratio to determine how many are in the entire, larger area

16. Question
What describes the number of individuals within a population per unit area?

17. Answer
Population density

18. Question
50 ants are living in 5 m². Determine the population density.

19. Answer
10 ants per m²

20. Question
What describes how organisms are arranged within an area?

21. Answer
Population distribution

22. Question
What population distribution normally occurs when resources are found throughout an area and organisms do not influence where each other settle?

23. Answer
random

24. Question
What distribution normally occurs when organisms hold territories or compete for space?

25. Answer
Uniform distribution

26. Question
What is the proportion of males to females within a population called?

27. Answer
Sex ratio

28. Question
How will a population that contains a majority of post-reproductive organisms change over time?

29. Answer
Population will decrease

30. Question
What is used to show how the likelihood of death varies with age?

31. Answer
Survivorship curves

32. Question
Which type of survivorship curves describes populations whose mortality is highest at young ages? (like frogs)

33. Answer
Type III

34. Question
The population of Palmerton increases because people move here from Allentown. This is an example of what?

35. Answer
immigration

36. Question
They call people who travel to Florida for the winter “snow bunnies”. What are the actions of these people an example of?

37. Answer
migration

38. Question
What is the departure of individuals from a given area called?

39. Answer
emigration

40. Question Calculate the annual growth rate: Birthrate: 18 per 1000
Deathrate: 10 per 1000
Immigration: 5 per 1000
Emigration: 7 per 1000

41. Answer
(18 + 5) – (10 + 7) = 6
The population will increase by six individuals per every 1000 every year.

42. Question
What does a negative population growth rate imply?

43. Answer
The population is decreasing

44. Question
When a population increases by a fixed percentage each year, it is said to undergo…

45. Answer
Exponential growth

46. Question
Give an example of a density dependent limiting factor.

47. Answer
Answers will vary

48. Question
Give an example of a density independent limiting factor.

49. Answer
Flood, fire, etc.

50. Question
What is the largest population size a given environment can sustainably support called?

51. Answer
Carrying capacity

52. Question
Which a more realistic type of population growth, exponential or logistic?

53. Answer
logistic

54. Question
What type of survivorship curve do humans follow?

55. Answer
Type I

56. Question
If a population has more pre-productive aged organisms, how will its numbers change over time?

57. Answer
Population will increase

58. Question
An orangutan has 3 or 4 offspring in an entire lifetime. The orangutan has low …

59. Answer
Biotic potential

60. Question
For a monogamous species, what is the ideal sex ratio?

61. Answer
50:50
Equal females to males

62. Question
Parts of an ecosystem that have never been living are…

63. Answer
abiotic

64. Question
During what period did many societies shift from a rural life focused on agriculture and goods to urban societies powered by fossil fuels?

65. Answer
Industrial revolution

66. Question
What is the average number of years an individual is expected to live called?

67. Answer
Life Expectancy

68. Question
The human population as a whole is __________ while the growth rate has _________ since the 1960s.

69. Answer
Increasing, decreased

70. Question
Advances in ________ have allowed people to temporarily increase our species carrying capacity.

71. Answer
technology

72. Question
The study of human population statistics is called…

73. Answer
Demography

74. Question
Where is the population density of people likely to be higher, in the tundra or near a river?

75. Answer
Near a river

76. Question
What type of population distribution do humans follow, clumped, uniform, or random?

77. Answer
clumped

78. Question
What is the average number of children a female member of a population has during her lifetime?

79. Answer
Total fertility rate

80. Question
What is the total fertility rate for a nation that would keep its population size stable called?

81. Answer
Replacement fertility rate

82. Question
What describes the relative number of organisms of each age within a population?

83. Answer
Age structure diagram

84. Question
The ideal sex ratio for any population is 50:50. What evolutionary adaptation has the human population undergone in an attempt to maintain this ratio?

85. Answer
For every 100 females born, 106 males are born because males have a greater risk of dying before reaching their reproductive age.

86. Question
What is the model that explains the transition from high birth rates and death rates to a condition of low birth rates and death rates?

87. Answer
The demographic transition

88. Question
What stage of the demographic transition has the human population been in for the majority of its existence?

89. Answer
Pre-Industrial stage

90. Question
During what stage do death rates begin to decline but birth rates remain high?

91. Answer
The transitional stage

92. Question
During the Industrial stage, _____ rates remain low and _____ rates begin to decline. (1 point each)

93. Answer
Death, birth

94. Question
True or False: All nations have undergone the demographic transition.

95. Answer
False

96. Question
Wealth, education, and women’s rights are all _______ factors that affect a nation’s population growth and resource use.

97. Answer
Social

98. Question
Developed nations have _____ income.

99. Answer
High

100. Question
China and Mexico are examples of _______ nations.

101. Answer
Developing

102. Question
Which type of nation accounts for the greatest portion of the world’s population, developed or developing?

103. Answer
Developing

104. Question
The statistic that the addition of 1 American has the same environmental impact as the addition of 13 Pakistanis illustrates that developed nations consume more __________ than developing nations.

105. Answer
Resources

106. Question
What is the amount of land needed to provide a person with the resources he/she consumes and to handle his/her wastes called?

107. Answer
Ecological footprint

108. Question
What term refers to the difference in assets and income between individuals in a society or nation?

109. Answer
The wealth gap

110. Question
What term refers to how well and individual lives?

111. Answer
Quality of life

112. Question
Resource exploitation and pollution are 2 _____ impacts technology has had on the environment.

113. Answer
Negative

114. Question
Name a positive impact technology has had on the environment?

115. Answer
Recycling, advances in waste water treatment, cheaper and cleaner renewable energy