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ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR Why did it happen? Incompatible systems
Resentment from WWII The UN First meeting Branches Purposes Truman v. Stalin Differing post WWII goals Action-Reaction or Cause and Effect Satellite nations leads to containment policy
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1946 speeches heat things up
Stalin and Churchill (the “Iron Curatin”)
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From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone -- Greece with its immortal glories -- is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and French observation. The Russian-dominated Polish Government has been encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are now taking place. The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy.
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State of hostility created becomes known as the Cold War
Early Cold War “battles” include Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Unification of Germany Berlin Blockade/Airlift Formation of NATO Point Four Plan
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The Truman Doctrine Provided Greece and Turkey with over $400 million to rebuild and prevent the spread of communism into there nations
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The Marshall Plan Sect. of State George Marshall’s plan to help Western Europe recover from war and prevent spread of communism
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US wants Germany to be productive, so in 1948 they unify their sectors
Situation in Germany US wants Germany to be productive, so in 1948 they unify their sectors Stalin is enraged he implements the Berlin Blockade US response becomes known as the Berlin Airlift USSR backs off 11 months later
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The Berlin Airlift
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Outcome of Berlin Airlift
USSR looks bad-guys, US looks like good-guys By 1949 West Germany is formed with Bonn as capital and East Germany is formed with East Berlin as capital
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Fearing further Soviet aggression, US forms NATO in 1949
NATO vs. Warsaw Pact Fearing further Soviet aggression, US forms NATO in 1949 1st peacetime military alliance in US history By 1955, Soviets create Warsaw Pact
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Truman does battle at home
Truman was given task of converting US back to a “peacetime” nation Truman vs. soldiers GI Bill AEC Economic troubles Material shortages, strikes(most were over wages), inflation(prices up 25%) 1946 midterms Taft-Hartley Act, lower income taxes, cut social programs, 22nd Amendment, Presidential Succession Act
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Despite many predicting a Dewey win, Truman wins a narrow victory
Truman, The Fair Deal and Congress Civil Rights Foreign policy record Do Nothing, Good for Nothing 80th Congress 1948 Election Republicans-Dewey and Warren Democrats split, wound up with Truman Dixiecrats-racisits Progressives-communists Truman v. Dewey Truman v. 80th Congress Despite many predicting a Dewey win, Truman wins a narrow victory
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Truman and Congress New Red Scare Korean War Loyalty Review Board HUAC
Hiss Atomic bomb spy case China falling McCarthy McCarran Internal Security Act Rosenberg Spy Case Korean War Post WWII situation North Korea invades UN action
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Other US actions around the world
Limited war US led UN action Pusan Inchon New objective China Yalu River Valley Offensive/Battle of the Chosin Reservior “New War” Truman V. MacArthur Stalemate Cease fire Outcomes Other US actions around the world
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