1. Four-step approach (1) Assess vulnerability
During the ToT we asked the participants to
work in groups and
put together all relevant information for their specific topic (water, climate, agriculture, governance, society and economy) and
present it to their colleagues

2. Imprint
As a federally owned enterprise, GIZ supports the German Government in achieving its objectives in the field of international cooperation for sustainable development.
Published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg Eschborn, Germany T F
Contact E I
GIZ Climate Protection Programme
Responsible Ilona Porsché, GIZ; Michael Scholze, GIZ
Authors Jennifer Frankel-Reed, Barbara Fröde-Thierfelder, Ilona Porsché
Contributions by Alfred Eberhardt, Mark Svendsen, Lea Herberg, Martin Baumgart, Udo Höggel, Michael Scholze, Alexander Fröde, Nana Künkel, members of the OECD Task Team on Climate Change and Development Co-operation
Coordination Ilona Porsché, Barbara Fröde-Thierfelder
Photo credits © GIZ/Climate Protection Programme and Claudia Altmann, Dirk Ostermeier, Florian Kopp, Georg Buchholz, Ira Olaleye, Jörg Böthling, Manuel Hauptmann, Markus Kirchgessner, Michael Gajo, Michael Netzhammer, Nicole Herzog, Peter Korneffel, Richard Lord, Robert Heine, Rüdiger Behrens, Ulrich Scholz, Ursula Meissner, Uwe Rau
Design Ira Olaleye
Articles written by named authors do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors.

3. Terms of use
This training module has been developed by GIZ on behalf of BMZ. If you would like to adapt this presentation to your needs, please respect the following terms of use:
The slide master and imprint are mandatory. They may neither be altered nor removed from the presentation. 
The GIZ logo must not be moved or removed. No other logos or further information may be placed in the header or footer area.
If you wish to add your own content, please use the blank slide at the end of this presentation. (You can copy it to add slides.)
If you would like to make substantial changes to the content of this presentation, please contact

4. The four-step approach: the basic adaptation planning process (1)
The systematic process deals with all questions relevant for planning adaptation.
Going one step at a time avoids mental blocks due to the over-complex challenge.
The four-step approach of the project is crucial to orient strategic planning. This is the step before operational planning.

5. The four-step approach: the basic adaptation planning process (2)
Four steps:
Assess vulnerability
Identify adaptation options
Select adaptation measures
Develop an M&E framework

6. Rationale Objective Importance First step of planning adaptation
Analyse the system of interest’s vulnerability and define areas with need for action
Importance
Establishes the basis for developing solutions: an agreed identification of problems

7. Terminology System of interest (human, natural, economic) Sensitivity
Adaptive capacity
Exposure/Climate signal
Impacts
Biophysical
Socio-economic
Vulnerability/need for action
Exposure
Adaptive Capacity
Vulnerability
Potential Impact
Sensitivity
» See training manual glossary for definitions

8. Exercise (1a)
Context
Update South State Water Program (State Water Authority (SWA), Ministry of Water (MoW), Ministry of Agricultutre (MoA))
Development funding will be allocated for priority activities to improve water management under climate change
SWA has established an advisory group to support the integration of climate change adaptation in the revision of the South State Water Programme  your working group
Detailed analysis to link exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity in order to determine need for action.

9. Exercise (1b)
SWA has decided to focus the revision on two key areas, that correspond with the National Development Plan (NDP)
Increased and diversified agricultural production and rural incomes
Safe drinking water supply and sanitation
Exhibits
Introduction to South State
Two selected intervention areas of SWP
Increased and diversified agricultural production and rural incomes
The revision of the State Water Program aims at maintaining a balance between future water supply and demand for three important agricultural systems: (a) the rice / wheat rotation in the central plain, (b) upland plantation agriculture, and (c) the delta rice growing
Safe drinking water supply and sanitation
Different sources of drinking water. The national goal of ensuring safe drinking water supply and sanitation for 80 % of population by 2020 is relevant to all
the main ‘systems of interest’ are given

10. Exercise (2a) Your task, Part 1
Gather information necessary for Part 2
Take stock of recent situation in the system of interest
Use Matrix 3 and 4:
In the first column brainstorm the natural and social assets and relevant actors within the system.
In Column A, list climatic changes already experienced.
In column B, consider if and how the system of interest’s actors and assets are currently sensitive to climate variability.
In column C, elaborate factors influencing the system’s current adaptive capacity. A
Natural and social assets e.g. crops, equipment, community institutions
Relevant actors e.g. farmers, laborers, traders B
Examples of sensitivity factors are local housing materials, crop water requirements, resource dependency of a community. C
E.g. a clearly negotiated value chain leaving farmers enough share, or access to reliable seasonal weather forecast would increase the adaptive capacity of a community.

11. Exercise (2b) Your task, Part 2 Deals with the future;
Analyse potential impacts of climate change
Define the vulnerability and need for action
Use Matrix 5 and 6:
In column D, identify the key climate change signals to which the system is likely to be exposed
In column E, brainstorm the potential impacts to the biophysical part of the system
In column F, brainstorm socio-economic impacts
In column G, rate where there is need for action E
consider column D in combination with the sensitivity factors (step 1 column B). E.g. dry spells lead to loss of ground water. F
Impacts that you expect to result from climate change (column D) and the biophysical impacts (column E). Also take into account sensitivity factors (step 1, column B). You may also want to consider disparities of impact along gender, poverty lines etc. E.g. reduction of production and loss of income as water is lacking for irrigation. G
Recall that development action should be oriented towards reducing vulnerability.
Discuss columns E and F using the following questions:
How relevant are the potential impacts to the development objective?
How likely is their occurrence?
What is the extent of damage to be expected?
Summarize your findings by indicating --/-/0/+/++ for the action needed.
Take into account that the adaptive capacity of the system (step 1 column C; ecosystem assets or actors) to the impacts without external support reduces the need for action from development cooperation.

12. Exercise (3) Results Logistics (please specify) Case work*
Presentation of results (please specify how)*
Reflection*
*Please use your own examples here.

13. Example – Climate change vulnerability in rural India
Local context
1/3 of geographic area is drought or flood prone
High temperatures, and highly seasonal rainfall
1/5 of GDP is from agriculture
61% of land area is in agriculture
60% of rural population with livelihoods in natural resources
Current incentives support unsuitable crops
86% of freshwater withdrawal is for agriculture
Source: World Bank () Climate Change Impacts in Drought and Flood Affected Areas: 2008 Case Studies in India

14. Title
Text
This slide is not part of the original version of the training material. It was added by [please insert institution].

15. Guidelines for climate change vulnerability assessment
Vulnerability Sourcebook provides step-by-step guidance to conduct vulnerability assessments
Repeat VA over time to monitor progress in vulnerability reduction
Ideally allows statements such as „vulnerability reduced by x% over time period Y“
Need to analyse if & how intervention lead to vulnerability reduction
Download
Study & factsheets