1. PROJECT ORGANIZATION
(Refer to Chapter 3)

2. What is Project Management?
Knowledge of modern management
Understanding of the design and construction process
Required time frame for completion
Art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by using modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of
scope,
cost
time
quality

3. Ingredients of PM
The basic ingredients for a project management framework
A working knowledge of general management and familiarity with the special knowledge domain related to the project are indispensable.
Supporting disciplines such as computer science and decision science may also play an important role.
Modern management practices and various special knowledge domains have absorbed various techniques or tools which were once identified only with the supporting disciplines.
computer-based information systems
decision support systems
linear programming
network analysis

4. Basic Ingredients of Project Management

5. Functions of PM for Construction
Specification of project objectives and plans including delineation of scope, budgeting, scheduling, setting performance requirements, and selecting project participants.
Maximization of efficient resource utilization through procurement of labor, materials and equipment according to the prescribed schedule and plan.
Implementation of various operations through proper coordination and control of planning, design, estimating, contracting and construction in the entire process.
Development of effective communications and mechanisms for resolving conflicts among the various participants.

6. Ability to Influence Construction Cost Over Time

7. Economy of scale: long range average costs

8. Market demand and total cost relationship
Economy of scale
Reduction in cost per unit resulting from increased
production, realized through operational efficiencies.
Economies of scale can be accomplished
because as production increases,
the cost of producing each additional unit falls.
Market demand and total cost relationship

9. Building size and labor input

10. Organization Design companies Project Manager Clerk of works
Person in overall charge
Clerk of works
Person designated for design of the project
Job captain
Provides coordination among different personnel involved with the project

11. Organization Construction companies Construction project manager
Person in overall charge
Superintendent
Coordinating subcontractors, flow of workers, material procurement, equipment supply
Ensuring adherence to schedule
Field engineer
Handling construction documents
Providing technical support
a love for construction 
a strong work ethic 
the ability to work with people 
Initiative (seeking responsibility) 
aptitude for applying science and engineering methods to solve new problems 
good communications skills (verbal, writing) 
interest in continuing to learn

12. Work Breakdown Structure
A fundamental project management technique for defining and organizing the total scope of a project, using a hierarchical tree structure.
A set of planned outcomes that collectively and exclusively represent 100% of the project scope.
Describes planned outcomes instead of planned actions.
Actions comprise the project plan and may be difficult to predict accurately.
A well-designed WBS makes it easy to assign any project activity to one and only one terminal element of the WBS.

13. Work Breakdown Structure

14. Work flow
A defined series if tasks within an organization to produce a final outcome.
Pooled
Sequential
Reciprocal

15. Authority and Responsibility
Allocation from top to bottom
Establish chain of command
Assign authority/responsibility
Assess benefits of a hierarchical structure

17. Matrix Organizational Structure
Horizontal links (gang planks) between working levels of departments
Sometimes need to be formalized and directed by the PM

18. Forms of Organizations
Sole Proprietorship
A business structure in which an individual and the company are considered a single entity for tax and liability purposes.
A sole proprietorship is a company which is not registered with the state as a limited liability company or corporation.
The owner does not pay income tax separately for the company, but reports business income or losses on individual income tax return.
The owner is inseparable from the sole proprietorship.
Partnership
A type of unincorporated business organization in which multiple individuals, called general partners, manage the business and are equally liable for its debts.
Corporation
The most common form of business organization, and one which is chartered by a state and given many legal rights as an entity separate from its owners.
This form of business is characterized by the limited liability of its owners, the issuance of shares of easily transferable stock, and existence as a going concern.

19. Leadership Flexibility Moral building Order and discipline
Collective loyalty (esprit de corps)
Order and discipline
Goals and accountability
Mentoring
Communication