1. Alicia Pawlowski, Amanda Lewalski, Sarah Martin, Veronica Kordrupel
Alternative Proteins
NFS 200- Fall 2016
Alicia Pawlowski, Amanda Lewalski, Sarah Martin, Veronica Kordrupel

2. Varieties of Protein...
Ancient Grains: Quinoa, amaranth, millet, spelt, farro, kamut (ka-moot), teff, sorghum, Freekeh (freak-uh), and bulgar
High Protein Grains: Wheat germ and soba noodles
Nuts: almond, coconut, hazelnut, cashews, pecan, walnut
Seeds: sesame, sunflower, pumpkin, hemp, watermelon, chia, flax, pomegranate, papaya
Soy: edamame, miso, soymilk, soy nuts, tofu, tempeh
Cereals: Kashi GoLean -13 grams of protein/cup (Go Lean Crunch – 9 grams of protein/2/3rd cup) *Special K Protein Plus -13 grams of protein / cup Familia muesli provides 12 grams of protein. Bear Naked Protein Granola Honey Almond, 10 grams of protein / ¼ cup Nature's Path Optimum Slim Low Fat Vanilla Cereal and Uncle Sam Original Cereal, 9 grams of protein (Uncle Sam Skinner's Raisin Bran Cereal- 6 grams protein)
Dairy: greek yogurt, cottage cheese, swiss cheese, eggs, milk
Meat: steak (top round, bottom round, or ground), pork chops, chicken breast, turkey breast
Seafood: tuna, halibut, octopus, salmon, tilapia

3. Why Use Alternative Proteins?
Health
Heart disease, cancer, obesity, avoid chemicals
Ethics
Compassion for animals, environmental concerns, world hunger
Religion
Hinduism, Judaism, Jainism, Taoism

4. Protein Intake Recommendations
Acceptable protein intake varies between 10-35% of daily calories
The recommended daily allowance:
46 grams per day for women over 19 years of age
56 grams per day for men over 19 years of age
Note: Athletes need just slightly more protein than non-athletes

5. Protein Variations
Protein is built from building blocks called amino acids
Our bodies make amino acids in two different ways:
From scratch
By modifying others
Essential amino acids must come from food
Animal protein typically deliver all the amino acids needed
Other protein sources like fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts and seeds lack one or more essential amino acids
Vegetarians need to be aware of this. People who don’t eat meat, fish, poultry, eggs, or dairy products need to eat a variety of protein-containing foods each day in order to get all the amino acids needed to make new protein.

6. Complete Vs Incomplete Proteins
Complete proteins include all the amino acids the body needs
Food examples:
Cheese
Eggs
Yogurt
Milk
Incomplete proteins DO NOT include all the amino acids required by the body
Nuts
Beans

7. Protein Complementation
Strict “protein combining” is not necessary, provided energy intake is adequate and a variety of plant foods are eaten each day.
1) ) Brown, A. Understanding Food Principles and Preparation. 5th ed., CA: Belmont Wadsworth-Cengage Learning, )

8. Some Considerations… Iron: Plant sources contain non-heme Iron,
not as bio-available as heme iron found in animal products
The RDA for iron :
8 mg/day for adult men and postmenopausal women
18 mg/day for pre-menopausal women
Note: Vegetarians (including vegans) may need up to 1.8 times more iron than those noted above
B Vitamins:
Vitamin B12 is not commonly found in plant sources
Those on a vegan diet must eat Vitamin B12 fortified foods or take a supplement

9. Meat Analogs Vs. Alternative Protein Products
Alternative Protein Product: required to be processed so that some portion of the non-protein constituents of the food is removed
Meat Analog (faux meat): might contain alternative protein products
Trying to replicate:
Taste
Texture
Aesthetic qualities
Meat analog: trying to change texture/taste/aesthetics of meat rather than nutrient content
USDA-Food and Nutrition Services Child Lunch Program

10. Nutrition Facts, Ingredients, and Nutrient Claims: How to Choose an Alternative Protein Product
Low Sodium
240 mg of less per serving
Low Fat
5% or less daily
Low Cholesterol
20 mg or less per serving
Good Source of Protein
10-19% daily value
High protein
20% or more of daily value
Carbohydrate count

11. Nutrition Facts, Ingredients, and Nutrient Claims: How to Choose an Alternative Protein Product
Gluten sensitivity:
Watch out for ingredients on the label such as:
einkorn, emmer, spelt and kamut
wheat starch, wheat bran, wheat germ, cracked wheat and hydrolyzed wheat protein
plain flour, white flour, bromated flour, enriched flour, phosphated flour, self-rising flour, durum flour, farina, semolina and graham flour
Barley
Rye
Cross-bred grain varieties like triticale
a cross between wheat and rye

12. How Are Other Ingredients Modified?
Modified Cellulose
a food additive, pill binder or laxative
Cellulose
extracted from wood pulp or cotton
chemically processed with acids or alkali to be added as a creaming agent or thickener to :
Shredded cheese (parmesan)
Ice cream
Fast food (burgers)
Powdered drink mixes
Other commercial foods

13. How Are Other Ingredients Modified? Cont.
Natural Smoke Powder
attempt to mimic the taste of a BBQ meat dish
Potato and Tapioca Starch
thickeners
Carrageenan
gelling, thickening, stabilizing
Oils for flavor and binding:
sunflower
safflower
soybean
canola

14. Types of Alternative Protein
Soy Protein Concentrate
Rosina Meatballs
Soy Protein Isolates
Light Life Smart Sausage
Textured Soy Protein Products
Hormel Chili, Rosina Meatballs
Chickpea Flour
Yves Kale and Quinoa Bites
Quinoa
Vital Wheat Gluten
Field Roast Deli Slices and Light Life Smart Sausage
Barley
Barley Malt Extract
Yeast Extract
Hormel Vegetarian Chili, Field Roast Deli Slices, and Light Life Smart Sausage
Hydrolyzed Corn, Soy and Wheat Protein
Hormel Chili, both varieties
Beans
Hormel Vegetarian Chili

15. Products We Surveyed

16. Impact of Alternative Proteins on Ingredients
Rosina Beef, Pork, and Chicken Meatballs
Beef and Pork, Water, Textured Soy Protein Concentrate (Soy Protein Concentrate, Caramel Color), Eggs, Contains 2% or Less of the Following: Romano Cheese (Pasteurized Sheep's and Cow's Milk, Rennet, Salt, Cheese Cultures, Enzymes), Dehydrated Onion, Natural Flavors, Corn Syrup Solids, Bread Crumbs (Wheat Flour, Salt, Yeast), Soy Protein Concentrate, Textured Soy Flour, Salt, Sodium Phosphate
Yves Kale and Quinoa Bites
Potatoes, chickpea flour, kale, carrots, quinoa, onions, canola oil, modified cellulose, salt, vinegar, spices, ginger

17. Impact of Alternative Proteins on Ingredients
Wegmans BBQ Pulled Pork
Pork, Barbecue Sauce (Tomato Puree [Water, Tomato Paste], Water Sugar, Fancy Molasses, Distilled Vinegar, Cider Vinegar, Salt, Modified Corn Starch, Dehydrated Vegetables [Bell Peppers, Onion and Garlic], Spices, Mustard Flour, Natural Flavor, Paprika, Citric Acid), Seasonings (Brown Sugar, Sea Salt, Spices, Dehydrated Garlic, Paprika, Lemon Oil), Cider Vinegar
The Jackfruit Company BBQ Teriyaki
Young Jackfruit, Tomato Paste, Water, Light Brown Sugar, Vinegar, Sunflower Oil, Onion, Garlic, Salt, Natural Smoke Powder, Red Chili Powder, Ground Black Pepper, Ground White Pepper

18. Impact of Alternative Proteins on Ingredients
Wegmans Roast Beef Slices
Roast Beef (Black Angus Beef)
Field Roast Lentil Sage Deli Slices
Filtered water, vital wheat gluten, expeller pressed safflower oil, barley malt, naturally flavored yeast extract, garlic, granulated garlic, onion powder, whole wheat flour, lentils, sea salt, carrots, spices, organic wheat flakes, lemon juice, carrageenan (Irish moss sea vegetable extract) and rubbed sage

19. Impact of Alternative Proteins on Ingredients
Wegmans Tuscan Style Pork Sausage
Organic Pork, Water, Salt, Organic Mustard Seed Powder, Organic Cane Sugar, Organic Black Pepper, Organic Allspice, Organic Chili Powder, Organic Coriander, Organic Turmeric, Organic Cayenne Pepper, Organic Nutmeg, Organic Fenugreek, Organic Cardamom
LightLife Smart Sausages Italian Style
Water, Soy Protein Isolate, Soybean Oil, Egg White Powder, Dried Vegetables (Onion Garlic, Tomato, Red and Green Bell Peppers), Less than 2% of Potato Starch, Autolyzed Yeast Extract, Tapioca Starch, Natural Flavor (from Vegetable Sources), Canola Oil, Sunflower Oil, Wheat Gluten, Cellulose Gum, Evaporated Cane Juice, Spices, Sea Salt, Barley Malt Extract, Salt

20. Impact of Alternative Proteins on Ingredients
Hormel Chili, No Beans
Water, Beef, Textured Vegetable Protein (Soy Flour, Caramel Color), Oatmeal, Corn Flour, Chili Powder (Chili Peppers, Flavoring), Contains 2% or Less of Tomatoes (Water, Tomato Paste), Sugar, Salt, Hydrolyzed Soy, Corn, and Wheat Protein, Modified Cornstarch, Flavoring, Autolyzed Yeast, Monosodium Glutamate, Spice
Hormel Vegetarian Chili With Beans
Water, Beans, Tomatoes, Green Chiles (Contains Citric Acid), Onions, Carrots, Corn Flour, Chili Powder (Chili Peppers, Spices, Garlic Powder), Textured Vegetable Protein (Soy Flour, Caramel Color), Modified Cornstarch, Sugar, Tomato Paste, Salt, Autolyzed Yeast, Dehydrated Garlic, Jalapeno Peppers (Contains Salt, Vinegar), Hydrolyzed Corn, Soy, and Wheat Protein, Citric Acid.

21. Impact of Alternative Proteins on Nutrient Profile
It is common for a variety of ingredients to be included in order to mimic the complete proteins found in many animal products
The addition of those ingredients can have an impact on the total calories, total carbohydrates, sugar, fiber, protein, fat and sodium content of the alternative.

22. Rosina Beef, Pork, and Chicken Meatballs
Per 100g Serving
Rosina Beef, Pork, and Chicken Meatballs
Total Calories
kcal
270.6
Total Carbohydrates g
5.9
Sugar
1.2
Fiber
Protein
16.5
Fat
18.8
Sodium mg
623.5
Per 100g Serving
Yves Kale and Quinoa Bites
Total Calories
kcal
160.7
Total Carbohydrates g
Sugar
3.6
Fiber
Protein
5.4
Fat
Sodium mg
678.6
Direction of arrows indicate increase or decrease in nutrient changes.
Color of arrows indicate whether the change has a positive, negative or neutral connotation associated with it.

23. Wegmans BBQ Pulled Pork
Per 100g Serving
Wegmans BBQ Pulled Pork
Total Calories
kcal
178.6
Total Carbohydrates g 9
Sugar 7
Fiber
Protein 16
Fat
Sodium mg
554
Per 100g Serving
The Jackfruit Company BBQ Teriyaki
Total Calories
kcal 91
Total Carbohydrates g
17.3
Sugar
8.2
Fiber
4.5
Protein
1.8
Fat
Sodium mg
518
Direction of arrows indicate increase or decrease in nutrient changes.
Color of arrows indicate whether the change has a positive, negative, or neutral connotation associated with it.

24. Wegmans Roast Beef Slices
Per 100g Serving
Wegmans Roast Beef Slices
Total Calories
kcal
107
Total Carbohydrates g 2
Sugar
Fiber
Protein 21
Fat
Sodium mg 71
Per 100g Serving
Field Roast Lentil Sage Deli Slices
Total Calories
kcal
192
Total Carbohydrates g
11.5
Sugar 4
Fiber
Protein 27
Fat 5
Sodium mg
712
Direction of arrows indicate increase or decrease in nutrient changes.
Color of arrows indicate whether the change has a positive, negative, or neutral connotation associated with it.

25. Wegmans Tuscan Style Pork Sausage
Per 100g Serving
Wegmans Tuscan Style Pork Sausage
Total Calories
kcal
440
Total Carbohydrates g 4
Sugar 2
Fiber
Protein 40
Fat 30
Sodium mg
1040
Per 100g Serving
LightLife Smart Sausages Italian Style
Total Calories
kcal
167
Total Carbohydrates g
8.3
Sugar 1
Fiber
1.2
Protein 15
Fat 8
Sodium mg
595
Direction of arrows indicate increase or decrease in nutrient changes.
Color of arrows indicate whether the change has a positive, negative, or neutral connotation associated with it.

26. Hormel Vegetarian Chili With Beans
Per 100g Serving
Hormel Chili, No Beans
Total Calories
kcal 93
Total Carbohydrates g
7.2
Sugar
1.3
Fiber
Protein
6.8
Fat
3.8
Sodium mg
411
Per 100g Serving
Hormel Vegetarian Chili With Beans
Total Calories
kcal
80.5
Total Carbohydrates g
14.8
Sugar
2.5
Fiber
4.2
Protein
4.7
Fat
0.4
Sodium mg
330.5
Direction of arrows indicate increase or decrease in nutrient changes.
Color of arrows indicate whether the change has a positive, negative, or neutral connotation associated with it.

27. Examples from Table Hormel Chili, No Beans → Hormel Chili Vegetarian
Replacing beef with beans results in the manufacturer adding extra salt to compensate for flavor, thus increasing sodium content
Wegmans BBQ Pulled Pork → BBQ Jackfruit
Using fruit as a meat alternative results in substantial fiber increases
The nutrient changes as indicated by the chart are split about 50/50. About half of the nutrient alterations are beneficial, whereas half of the nutrient changes reveal that it would be healthier to stick with the original protein product, if it does not conflict with values (ex: religious-Judaism, lifestyle-vegan or vegetarian, etc.)

28. In Conclusion…
There are many different ways to receive protein in the diet other than just meat sources
With substitutions you can:
Lower saturated fat
Lower cholesterol
With not consuming meat, key nutrients may be lacking:
Iron
B Vitimans