1. System On Chip

2. Outline System on Chip System On Chip - Introduction Research Trends
PCIe
Example Atom N450
System on Chip

3. System on Chip (SoC) – Introduction
DSP
ASIC
Data, processing, communication integrated into single chip- SoC
Memory
CPU
Interconnect
System on Chip

4. System of Chip Components
Analog
Digital
Memory
Software/ OS
Set top box
System on Chip

5. Why System on Chip LCD, TFT display Video camera GPS 802.11 LAN Keypad
Compact Flash
Camera
Radio
System on Chip

6. System on Chip Examples
Small Systems
Electronic Tagging
Smart Card
System on Chip

7. System on Chip Examples
Micro controller
Washing machine
microwave
System on Chip

8. System on chip examples
Camera
Automatic Braking systems
System on Chip

9. Research Interconnect topologies
e.g. bus
Hybrid modules, Analog, Digital, ASIP, i.e. integration of mixed signal elements.
On chip communication, power, switching delay, performance such as throughput.
Hardware software co design for reuse.
Mixed Signal (integrated analog blocks such as A to D and D to A converters, phase-locked loops, and adaptive filters.)
System on Chip

10. Traditional architecture
Current NOC (arteris.com)
System on Chip

11. Interconnect topologies
Bus
Star
Cube
Tree
Spin
System on Chip

12. PCIe Standard local I/O bus *
Allows interconnect speeds upto GHz
Advantage,
Interconnect speed
Easy plug and play
Processor independent
Scalable with grouping lanes 1to 32
How PCI e works?
Links are negotiated and configured on power up of processor.
Establishes point to point connection with help of a switch.
Device A
Device B
1x, 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x, 32x serial data links
clk
System on Chip

13. PCI serial and parallel
System on Chip

14. Intel Atom N450 – Development board
Intel® Atom™ Processor N450 with integrated graphics/memory controller, 512KB L2 cache.
X4 DMI(Direct Media Interface) interface
667MT/s DDR2 Memory Interface
CRT, VGA, Single channel 18-bit LVDS
Graphics render core 200MHz
System on Chip

15. Development board
System on Chip

16. Architecture and Interface of
System on Chip

17. System Chip – Advantages and Issues
Easily reprogrammable, reuse of Intellectual property.
Lower chip area, reduce in silicon
Low cost
Issues
On chip routing and timing.
Limitations of On chip resources
System on Chip

18. Summary
System on chip is about integrated design of complex systems into a single chip. It deals with management of on chip Hardware and Software.
The research in this area is about on chip communication, power, performance and resource management within the chip.
PCIe is the industry standard bus for plug and play IO devices.
Example of SoC: Intel Atom board N450
System on Chip

19. Modelling and Estimating the Energy Consumption of Embedded Applications and Operating Systems
System on Chip

20. Objective
Multi-layer power and energy estimation approach for embedded applications and operating systems.
Estimation of energy consumption at various abstractions
transistor level
gate level
Rt level
Architecture level
instruction level
function level
application level
system level
System on Chip

21. Method
Providing power estimates for different sources of power consumption
Scheduling
Interprocess communication
Context switch
Peripherals
System on Chip

22. System on Chip

23. Energy and power overhead of
OS timer interrupt
IPC Inter process communication
Memory access :
Model for buffered i/o
Self cached i/o
System on Chip

24. Results
Energy estimation for MPEG system
System on Chip