1. PROPAGANDA IN THE GREAT WAR
As Robert Graves notes in Chapter 10, Britain was flooded with stories and images of German atrocities in Belgium immediately after the outbreak of war. Propaganda was crucial for Britain’s war effort, because it relied until 1916 on a volunteer army. See:
Peter Paret, Beth Irwin Lewis, & Paul Paret, Persuasive Images: Posters of War and Revolution from the Hoover Institution Archives, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
John Keegan, An Illustrated History of the First World War, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2001.
Paul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory: The Illustrated Edition, New York: Sterling, 2009.

2. The Graves Family in 1908 (Robert standing on the right)
Standing left to right are Charles, Rosaleen and Robert. Seated are Clarissa, Alfred (with John on his knee) and Amy. Robert is thirteen.
SOURCE:
Robert von Ranke Graves was born on 24 July 1895 at Red Branch House, Lauriston Road, Wimbledon, Surrey. His mother, Amalie (Amy) Elizabeth Sophie, née von Ranke, helped design the house, while Alfred, his father, named it after a band of chivalrous Irish knights called the Red Branch Heroes.
“Red Branch House,” Wimbledon, Surrey

3. Robert’s maternal grandfather, Heinrich von Ranke, professor at the University of Munich
The Father of Robert's Mother: Heinrich von Ranke, Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Munich.
SOURCE:

4. Charterhouse School, founded in 1612, moved to Godalming, Surrey, in 1872
Charterhouse School, Godalming, Surrey, UK. The school was founded alongside a hospital and home for elderly pensioners in London in 1612 and moved to its current location in 1866.
Photographed in 2005 by "Tinyguy"
SOURCE:

5. Lieutenant Robert Graves in 1915, & instructions for “Field Punishment #1”
Robert Graves in uniform in 1915.
SOURCE:
R.M. Brade, of the Department of War, to the General Officers Commanding-in-Chief Overseas, Instructions Regarding Field Punishment No. 1, January 12, This copy of the instructions has been sent by a Canadian battalion commander to his two senior noncoms in charge of administering punishment on January 18, 1917.
Field Punishment No. 1, its unique British Army title, was a humiliating sentence in which the offender was attached to a fixed object, while standing at attention, for two hours a day, for a period not exceeding three months. This note was to remind commanding officers of the right way to attach the soldier. If the soldier had the misfortune of being exposed to the sun, lice or mosquitoes, humiliation quickly turned into torture.
SOURCE:

6. Recruiting poster for the Coldstream Guards (circa 1908): This regiment was founded in 1650; the Royal “Welch” Fusiliers, in 1689.
"His Majesty's Coldstream Guards," recruiting poster by Ernest Ibbetson (Great Britain, after 1902).
SOURCE: Beth Lewis, Paul Paret, and Peter Paret, _Persuasive Images: Posters of War and Revolution from the Hoover Institution Archives_ (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), p. 6.

7. “The lamps are going out all over Europe” (1914)
Bethmann Hollweg described the 1839 treaty on Belgian neutrality as a “scrap of paper” to the British ambassador on August 4, 1914
“The lamps are going out all over Europe” (1914)
"The 'Scrap of Paper'"
Parliamentary Recruiting Committee, London, December 1914
Johnson, Riddle & Co., Ltd., London; PRC poster #15
Edition: 10,000
British cartoon from 1914: "The lamps are going out all over Europe." The armored fist and helmet of Prussian militarism threaten to extinguish the flame of civilization. (There was a famous Prussian cavalry regiment that did in fact adopt the death's head as its emblem.) From

8. “Reims Cathedral in Flames” (destroyed by German artillery on September 18/19, 1914). See Graves, pp
Emile BOUSSU , La cathédrale de Reims en flammes.
1914
Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rennes (
The German army apparently had a strategy of bombarding or demolishing historic buildings in northeastern France as a means to destroy French morale. The city of Reims lay within range of Germany artillery for almost the entire duration of the war. The Germans bombarded it heavily on the pretext that the towers were being used by artillery spotters. The destruction of this historic site of the coronation of the kings of France outraged public opinion in France and throughout the Western world. The cathedral was not restored until 1937.

9. “The very stones cry out
“The very stones cry out!” (Dutch cartoon by Louis Raemaekers, September 1914)
Louis Raemaekers, "The Very Stones Cry Out" (inspired by the German shelling of the Reims Cathedral, September 1914). SOURCE: American Heritage History of World War I, p. 98

10. “This will make room for our colonists,” cartoon by Louis Raemaekers, 1914
Source: Keegan, Illustrated History, p. 74.

11. “German Atrocities” (France, 1915)
"German Atrocities," cartoon by Domergue, published in France in 1915, from the Museum of the History of the Great War in Péronne,

12. Lord Kitchener was the U.K.’s greatest war hero
Recruitment poster from the Great War.
SOURCE: Paul Fussell, The Great War and Modern Memory: The Illustrated Edition (New York: Sterling, 2009), p. 22.
Alfred Leete, "Kitchener Needs You," Great Britain's most famous recruiting poster, featuring the hero of Omdurman and current War Minister, in a gesture later imitated by Uncle Sam (1914/15). From Keegan, Illustrated History, p. i.

13. “Follow Me! Your Country Needs You,” Great Britain, 1914
“The Brave Throng”
(1915)
"Follow Me! Your Country Needs You" (British recruiting poster, 1914). SOURCE: Paret and Lewis, Persuasive Images, p. 16.
"Join the brave throng that goes marching along" (Gerald Wood, Great Britain, 1915).
SOURCE: Beth Lewis, Paul Paret, and Peter Paret, _Persuasive Images: Posters of War and Revolution from the Hoover Institution Archives_ (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992), p. 53.

14. “Step Into Your Place,” Great Britain, 1915
"Step Into Your Place" (British recruiting poster, 1915). SOURCE: Art of Persuasion, p. 16.

15. THE APPEAL TO FAMILY HONOR (1915)
"What did YOU do in the war, daddy?" (Great Britain, ca. 1915)
British postcard reproduction of a color recruitment poster. On reverse: "Dalkeith Classic Poster Card P81 Savile Lumley, Great Britain."
SOURCE:
Recruitment poster from the Great War, appealing to young Brits to honor the memory of their fathers.
SOURCE: Paul Fussell, _The Great War and Modern Memory_, Illustrated Edition (New York: Sterling, 2009), p. 22.

16. “Women of Britain Say – GO
“Women of Britain Say – GO!” Great Britain, 1915 (Graves became angry about the role played by young women in shaming men to enlist.)
"Women of Britain say-- 'GO!'" (E. Kealey, Great Britain, 1915); while Britain retained an all volunteer army, the government relied heavily on wives and sweethearts to encourage young men to enlist. SOURCE: Art of Persuasion, p. 52.

17. “Red Cross or Iron Cross,” (Great Britain, 1914/15)
"Red Cross or Iron Cross" (British women are told that German women are vicious and inhuman). SOURCE: Art of Persuasion, p. 22.

18. “Men of Britain! Will You Stand for This?” (Great Britain, 1915)
"Men of Britain! Will you stand for this?" (Great Britain, 1915); atrocity propaganda based on the shelling of the port of Scarborough by the German navy in December SOURCE: Art of Persuasion, p. 22.

19. “France! Alsace! The Reunion” (color postcard, 1914)

20. Georges Scott, “In Alsace
Georges Scott, “In Alsace! The true plebiscite,” L’Illustration, 15 August 1914
This work of art is dated 2 August 1914, the first day of fighting between French and German troops, was published on the front page of a popular illustrated magazine on 15 August, and then reproduced countless times on postcards and posters. The French army included many officers whose families came from Alsace-Lorraine (including Colonel Dreyfus), a fact lending plausibility to his happy image. Le document n° 2 est une variante du précédent. Intitulé « En Alsace ! Le vrai plébiscite », il s’agit d’un dessin célèbre de Georges Scott daté du 2 août 1914 qui a fait la première page du journal l’Illustration (le 15 août) avant d’être reproduit en innombrables cartes postales et affiches. L’artiste l’a réalisé au moment de l’annonce de l’entrée des troupes françaises à Mulhouse. On y trouve à peu près les mêmes éléments que dans le document n° 1. Cependant, cette fois, la malheureuse Alsace, enfin libérée du joug terrible que les Allemands faisaient peser sur elle, s’est jetée aux bras d’un jeune lieutenant français (peut-être d’origine alsacienne ? il faut en effet savoir que l’armée française comptait beaucoup d’officiers issus des territoires annexés) qui participe à l’assaut victorieux. Ce geste attendrissant veut signifier le grand attachement et la fidélité de l’Alsace à la France. Tandis qu’à l’arrière-plan d’intrépides soldats, baïonnette au canon, franchissent la frontière en chargeant, entraînés par un autre officier, sabre au clair.

21. Scene from the film “Alerte,” 1918
Still photograph from the filming of “Peut-être Alerte !” a fictional drama produced in 1918 by G. Pallu and E. Berny. Toujours est-il que la composition est absolument identique à celle du dessin de Georges Scott (document n° 2) qui, de toute évidence, a servi de modèle.

22. “The German Antichrist,” Russia, 1914/15
"The German Antichrist" (Russia, 1914/15); Kaiser Wilhelm II rides a wild boar across a devastated landscape, like a horseman of the Apocalypse. SOURCE: Art of Persuasion, p. 14.

23. “The Great Battle of the Russian Hero with the German Serpent” (1915)
"The Great European War: The Great Battle of the Russian Hero with the German Serpent," Russia, ca This poster, based on a medieval legend, depicts a Russian knight battling a multi-headed serpent; the Austrian head has been severed and the German, wounded, and the knight turns his attention now to the hated traditional enemy, the Turk. The image at the bottom left refers to the German shelling of Reims Cathedral to reinforce the theme that the Central Powers are the enemy of Christendom. From Lewis & Paret, Persuasive Images, p. 13.

24. “Irishmen, Avenge the Lusitania!” (UK recruiting poster, 1915)
"Irishmen, Avenge the Lusitania!" (British recruiting poster, 1915). SOURCE: Art of Persuasion, p. 26.

25. Fred Spear, “Enlist” (USA, 1915)
"Enlist" (USA, 1915); this haunting image by Fred Spear of a mother and child sinking to the bottom of the ocean apparently had little immediate impact on young American men but over the years has become one of the most famous depictions of the horrors of war. SOURCE: Art of Persuasion, p. 27.