1. DO NOW
Pages 90-91
Learning Target: I can identify major absolutist rulers in Russia.
Essential Question: How does Russian Absolutism differ from other countries?
Success Criteria: I can Evaluate primary sources (political cartoons) based on Russia Absolutism

2. ABSOLUTISM IN RUSSIA
The driving force behind Russia’s rise to power was Ivan III (Ivan the Great). He built the framework for absolute rule in Russia, which would only get worse.

3. 1480 Russian rulers drive Mongols out
Absolutism in Russia
1480 Russian rulers drive Mongols out
Early Czars Ivan III & Ivan IV (Terrible) used harsh methods to unify Russia & strengthen Monarchy
1613 Michael Romanov begins Romanov Dynasty

4. Ivan the Terrible
Country: Russia
Years:
Achievements: Introduced extreme absolute power, expanded Russian lands, made Russia more religious.
Downfalls: Set up the first Russian secret police, the Oprichniki, who murdered thousands for him. He killed many nobles and destroyed many towns, and even killed his own son in a fit of rage.

5. Ivan the Terrible kills his child & Heir

6. Toured Europe learning new technologies
Peter The Great
Grand Embassy tour
Toured Europe learning new technologies
Westernization/Modernization
Introduced western ideas
Laws, technology, culture

7. Built largest army in Europe
Won territory along the Baltic Sea
St. Petersburg becomes “Window to the West”
Major trading port & new capital

8. Centralized power
Reduced power of the nobility
Brought Orthodox Church under his control

9. Russia under Peter the Great

10. Peter the Great Country: Russia Years: 1682 - 1725
Achievements: Westernization, St. Petersburg, modern army, new industries, education, warm water port (Baltic Sea), extended borders, unified the nation, reduced power of nobility, gained control of Russian Orthodox Church.
Downfalls: Did not reach Black sea, reforms died with him.

21. Catherine II (the Great), 1762-1796

22. Early Life
1745: married to tsarevich Peter (III) to solidify Prussian-Russian relations.
Arrived in Russia and resolved to rule it.
: Peter III He and Catherine waited and waited, and hated each other.
Catherine thought him a capricious fool.
Peter was openly cruel to his wife
Often discussed pushing her aside to allow his mistress to rule with him
After several miscarriages, Catherine II finally produced a heir in September 1754

23. Peter III, ruled 5 January-9 July 1762
Typical “enlightened absolutist”
Faced economic demands of Seven Years’ War, so ended it.
Mobilize economy
Expand powers of the state
Improve tax collection
Russian nobles resented pro-Prussian policies
Introduced “Liberty of the Nobility,” loosening their service obligations.
Removed use of torture in interrogations.
Enacted religious tolerance.
Confiscated church lands.

24. Catherine’s coup d’etat

25. Catherine’s quotations:
“You philosophers are lucky men. You write on paper and paper is patient. Unfortunate Empress that I am, I write on the susceptible skins of living beings.” (Letter to Denis Diderot)
“Power without a nation's confidence is nothing.”
“I like to praise and reward loudly, to blame quietly.”

26. 1767 reform effort Catherine called a Grand Commission
652 members from nobles, clergy, townspeople and peasants (but not serfs)
Wrote Наказ комиссии о составлении проекта нового уложения (Instruction for the commission about composing a proposal for a new general law)
Exposed many enlightenment ideas to Russia (such as rule of law), but as Catherine’s interpretations.
Denis Diderot’s critique focused on national sovereignty.
Commission had over 200 meetings; no immediate legislation resulted, but eventually led to much.

27. Catherine as lawmaker 1775: Statute of Local Administration
1781: commercial navigation and salt trade reform
1785: Charter of the Nobility rights, freedoms, and benefits:
confirmed inheritance, right to private property
no corporal punishment, no obligation to serve
right to trade, provincial self-government.
1785: Charter of the Towns of 1785
1786: reformed education

28. Catherine as conqueror
Gained much of southern Russia, as well as:
Crimea
Right-Bank Ukraine
Belarus
Lithuania
Courland
In total, added 518,000 square km

29. Catherine as conqueror

30. Catherine’s legacy Died: 16 November 1796 Solidified nobility’s place
Worsened peasants’ place
Improved government
Spread Enlightenment
Expanded militarily, but this was becoming the problem and rationale for rule.

31. Political cartoon Evaluation
Complete worksheet for both political cartoons
30 min
Voices at a whisper
When completed, staple assignment in notebook

32. Worktime Project 25 minutes
40 minutes next class as well, but then that is it

33. Exit Ticket
Create a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting Russian Absolute Monarchs