1. dr shabeel pn
HEALTH EDUCATION

2. INTRODUCTION
The practice of instructing people and communities in the principles of hygiene and in ways of avoiding disease is a very ancient one.
An elementary study of the history of medicine reveals that since time immemorial it has been considered a necessity to instruct communities in health matters for their protection and survival.

3. DEFINITIONS The National Conference on Preventive Medicine [USA]
Health education is a process which informs, motivate and helps people to adopt and maintain healthy practices and life styles; advocates environmental changes as needed to facilitate this goal and conducts professional training and research to the same end.

4. WHO Definition
Health education, like general education, is concerned with changes in knowledge, feelings and behaviour of people.In its most usual forms, it concentrates on devoloping such health practices as are believed to bring about the best possible state of well being.

5. AIMS OF HEALTH EDUCATION
To inform the general public of the principles of physical and mental hygiene and methods of preventing avoidable diseases.
To create an informed body of opinion and knowledge. (social workers, teachers)
To give the public accurate information of medical discoveries.
To facilitate the acceptance and proper usage of medical measures.

6. METHODS OF APPROACHES IN HEALTH EDUCATION
Legal or Regulatory Approach
Administrative or Service Approach
Educational Approach

7. Legal or Regulatory Approach
Makes use of the law to protect the health of the public.
Eg : Epidemic Diseases Act , Pollution Act
Limitations :
1. applicable only at certain times or limited situations.
2. they may not alter the behaviour of the individual.

8. Administrative or Service Approach
Intends to provide all the health facilities needed by the people
‘felt needs of people’

9. Educatinal Approach most effective Components : 1. motivation
2. communication
3. decision making
results slow , but permanent and enduring.
Suffient time for an individual to bring about changes
learning new facts as well as unlearning wrong information as well.

10. CONTENTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION
Human Biology
Nutrition
Hygiene
Family Health Care
Control of Communicable and Non- Communicable Diseases
Mental health
Prevention of Accidents
Use of Health Services

11. Human Biology

12. Nutrition for prevention of malnutrition
Taught nutrient value of food stufs
Method of preparation , storage
Help people to choose balanced diet

13. Hygiene
Environmental
Personal

14. Family Health Care
Strengthen and improve the health of the family as a unit rather than as an individual.
Maternal and child health care, family planning, immunization, nutrition, etc.

15. Control of Communicable and Non-Communicable diseases
Provide elementary knowledge about the nature of the diseases and methods of preventing them.

16. Mental Health
Depression, neurosis, mental anxiety and emotional disturbances
Basic knowledge of common psychological ailments, its detectio, methods of prevention and treatment.

17. Prevention of Accidents
People taught about basic safety rules and prevent common accidents.

18. Use of Health services
People should be informed about various health services and preventive programmes available to them.

19. STAGES IN ADOPTION OF NEW IDEAS AND PRACTICES
STAGE OF UNAWARENESS
Not aware of new idea or practice
STAGE OF AWARENESS
Gets some information but not
know much
STAGE OF EVALUATION
Find out advantages &
disadvantages
STAGE OF INTEREST
Shows interest to know more
Listen, read
STAGE OF TRIAL
Puts it into practice
STAGE OF ADOPTION
Accepts new idea as beneficial
to him & adopts it

20. PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION
INTEREST
PARTICIPATION
COMPREHENSION
MOTIVATION
REINFORCEMENT
KNOWN TO UNKNOWN
LEARNING BY DOING
SOIL, SEED & SOWER
COMMUNITY LEADERS
GOOD HEALTH RELATIONS

21. Interest Topic of interest Identify the ”felt needs” of the people
Then prepare a programme

22. Participation
Educator should encourage people to participate in health education programmes
Group discussions, panel discussions, etc provide oppurtunities for people’s participation
Leads to acceptance

23. Known to Unknown
Start with what the people already know and then give the new knowledge
Existing knowledge as people as the basic step

24. Comprehension
Determine the level of literacy and understanding of audience.
Language of communication, understandable to audience
Usage of technical or medical terms should be avoided.

25. Reinforcement Also called as “booster dose”
Refers to repetition needed
When not possible for people to learn new things in short time

26. Motivation
Defined as “the fundamental desire for learning in an individual”
2 types :
primary motive  inborn desires
food, clothing, housing
secondary motive  outside forces
gifts, a word of praise,
love, rewards

27. Learning by Doing
Learning process accompanied by doing the new things.
Based on famous Chinese proverb “if I hear, I forget ; if I see, I remember ; if I do, I know.

28. Soil, Seed & Sower Soil  people to whom education is given
Seeds  Health facts to be given
Sower media to transmit the facts
All components are interdependent and result in dynamic interaction.

29. Good Human Relations
health educator should have good personal qualities
Should be able to maintain friendly relations with people
Should have a kind nad sympathetic attitude

30. Community leaders
Leaders can be used to reach people of the community and to convince them about the need for health education.

31. HINDRANCES OR BARRIERS IN PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
Psychological barriers
 emotional disturbances
 depression
 neurosis
Physiological barriers
 difficulties in self-expression
 difficulties in hearing or seeing
 difficulties in understanding

32. HINDRANCES… Environmental barriers  excessive noise
 difficulties in vision
 congested areas
Cultural barriers
 persistent patterns of behaviour, habits, beliefs, customs, attitudes, religion, etc

33. EDUCATIONAL AIDS USED IN HEALTH EDUCATION
1. Audio aids
2. Visual aids
3. Combination of Audio-Visual aids

34. Audio Aids Based on principles of sound, electricity and magnetism
 megaphones
 public addressing systems or
microphones
 Gramophone records
 Tape recorders
 Radios
 Sound amplifiers

35. Visual Aids Based on principles of projection
Projected aids – needs projection from a
source on to a screen
 films or cinemas
 film strips
 slides
 overhead projectors
 epidiascopes
 transparencies
 bioscopes
 video cassettes
 silent films

36. Non-projected Aids – do not require
projection
 blackboard
 pictures
 cartoons
 photographs
 posters
 flashcards
 charts
 brochures
 models
Other aids – traditional media which makes use of light and sound stimuli
 Folk dances and Folk songs
 Puppet shows
 Dramas

37. Combination of Audio-Visual Aids
Modern media available
Sound & sight combined together to create a better presentation
 televisions
 tape and slide combinations
 Video Cassette Players and Recorders
 Motivation pictures or Cinemas
 Multimedia Computers

38. HEALTH EDUCATION FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC
Mass communication literally means communication that is given to a community where the people gathered together does not belong to one particular group.
Advantages
 large no. of people can be reached
 people of all socio-economic status
irrespective of their caste, creed and religion
Medias
televisions, radios, posters, news papers, etc

39. ESSENTIALS OF HEALTH EDUCATON TO THE PUBLIC
Accuracy and Truth
Presentation must be simple
Health education should be factual
Principles of health should be taught

40. CONCLUSION
In a field such as health, it is natural that “helping people to help themselves” should be as important as direct service.