1. Microsoft SQL Server Administration
David Henson

2. Logistics Class Days: 10 Class Hours: 6:30pm – 10:00pm Notes/Handouts
Demos
Slack Channel

3. Recommended Reading
Microsoft SQL Server(TM) 2005 Administrator's Pocket Consultant
(Pro-Administrator's Pocket Consultant)
Microsoft Press

4. Module 1: Overview Course Outline Lab Setup Definitions Tools
What is SQL Server
SQL Language Basics
SQL Server Network Integration

5. Course Outline – Day 1 Module 1: Overview Module 2: Installation
Module 3: Objects and Securables
Module 4: Security And Principals

6. Course Outline – Day 2
Module 5: Backup
Module 6: Restore

7. Course Outline – Day 3 Module 7: Web and Email Integration
Module 8: Automation and Job Scheduling
Module 9: Transferring Data
Module 10: Replication

8. Lab Setup Windows Server SQL Server 2016 Computer Names IP Addresses
Standard, or Enterprise
Computer Names
IP Addresses

9. Definitions Relational Database DBA Server Client Transact SQL Login
User
Role
Database
SQL SMO(Formerly DMO)
SQL Instance
Principal
Securable

10. Tools SQL Management Studio Visual Studio .Net Current Version
SQL Server Configuration Manager
Command Prompt
SQLCMD
Ping, telnet, nslookup, net use
Database Tuning Advisor
Full-FeaturedText Editor
Notepad++(Free)
UltraEdit
Textpad
Profiler

11. What is SQL Server? Client Server Relational Database Operating System
Windows Service That Manages Database Files, Security and Concurrency

12. SQL Language Basics
SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE

13. SQL Server Network Integration
Network oriented protocols
TCP/IP disabled on SQL Express by default
DNS
Windows Domain/Active Directory
Firewall Settings

14. Lab 1A – Tools In this instructor led lab, you will:
Preview SQL Management Studio
Preview Database Engine Tuning Advisor
Preview Profiler

15. Module 2: Installation Software Requirements Hardware Requirements
SQL Server Versions
Licensing
Capacity Planning
SQL Services
Installation

16. Requirements Operating System Windows Linux/Mac/Docker for SQL 2017
Hosted (AWS, Azure)

17. SQL Server OS Versions

18. SQL Server Licensing Enterprise Standard Developer Express
License Options
Core based
Server plus CAL (Client Access License)

19. Capacity Planning
Drive Space
CPU
Memory
I/O Subsystem

20. I/O Subsystem RAID 0, 1, 5 or 10 Logical Drive Structure
Physical Drive Structure
Considerations:
Performance
Ease and Cost of Management
Disaster Planning

21. SQL Services Service Names: Starting/Stopping SQL Server (MSSQLServer)
SQL Server Agent (MSSQLServer)
SQL Server Browser
SQL Traffic director, allows Dedicated Admin Connection (DAC)
SQL Server Integration Services
SQLIS.com
SQL Server Fulltext Search
SQL Server Analysis Services
SQL Server Reporting Services
Starting/Stopping

22. Service Accounts LocalSystem Local Account Domain Account
Automatic Startup

23. Installation Options Administrative Rights SQL Server
Up to 16 instances
SQL Server Management Studio
SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT)
Administrative Rights

24. What is an Object? Type Of Objects: Table View Stored Procedure
Trigger
DataType
Function (UDF)
Index
Constraint

25. Synonyms
Allows an alias for a securable
New CREATE SYNONYM syntax

26. Creating Objects CREATE Statement Example: CREATE TABLE Customers(
CustomerID int identity,
Customer varchar(50) )

27. Altering Objects ALTER Statement Example: ALTER TABLE Customers
ADD CustomerPhone varchar(40)

28. Dropping Objects
DROP Statement
Example:
DROP TABLE Customers

29. Getting Metadata
Information Schema
Sysobjects table
Sp_helptext

30. Setting Permissions GRANT Statement Example: GRANT SELECT ON Customers
TO Public

31. Lab 3A: Creating and Altering Objects

32. Module 4: Security and Principals

33. Surface Area Configuration
Best practice – reduce the “surface area” exposure of your system to minimum
Off By Default
Microsoft .NET Framework,
SQL Service Broker Network Connectivity, and
HTTP connectivity in Analysis Services
Xp_cmdshell
Ad Hoc Remote Query
Database Mail
Native XML Web Service
See Server Facets Tool in Enterprise Manager

34. Levels of Security Login – Server Level User – Database Level
Object – Permissions to Access Objects
Application Security
Network Access
Encryption

35. Windows Workgroup Model
Distributed Accounts
Each machine has locally maintained user and group database
Windows Server Not Required

36. Windows Domain Model Centralized Accounts Single Sign-On Auditing
Active Directory is a single source for users and groups
Single Sign-On
Access all resources after logging in only once
Auditing

37. Active Directory Extension of the Domain Model
Leverages DNS Name Resolution
Better Security Protocols
Better Fault Tolerance
More Extensible
Group Policy

38. Logins Types: Tools Windows (Integrated) SQL (Standard)
SQL Management Studio
Scripts

39. Users
Tools:
SQL Management Studio
Scripts

40. Roles Role Is A Group of users Purpose – Ease Permission Management
Role Types:
Standard
Application Role
Tools:
SQL Management Studio
Scripts

41. Permissions User Defined: Tools: Action Object Access Object Execution
SQL Management Studio
Scripts

42. Lab 4A: Creating Accounts

43. Lab 4B: Creating Users and Groups

44. Lab 4C: Permissions

45. Module 5: Backup

46. Reasons for Data Loss Accidental Update Hardware Failure
Improper Application Design
Transactions Not Used
Other User Error
Intentional Distruction
Hackers
Viruses

47. SQL Server Backup Online Backup Types: COPY_ONLY option
Users can access data during backup
Types:
Full
Differential
Log
COPY_ONLY option
Does not disturb normal backups, truncate logs, or reset any flags
Use of Filegroups

48. Increasing Backup Performance
Set appropriate BLOCKSIZE parameter
-2048 good for cdrom stored backups
With default setting, restore uses buffered io which is more flexible and slower
Stripe backup devices

49. Restricted Activities During Backup
Modifying Database Properties
Autogrowth
Managing Indexes
Nonlogged Operations

50. Backup Statement Example: BACKUP DATABASE Lab3A To Disk=‘c:\Lab3A.bak’
WITH INIT, BLOCKSIZE=2048

51. Using SQL Management Studio

52. Backup Options

53. Database Recovery Model
Property of a database
Options:
Full
Bulk_Logged
Simple
Affects log behavior

54. Backup Requirements System Databases: User Databases:
Master – New Logins, change password
MSDB – Modifying or creating jobs
User Databases:
Whenever data loss is unacceptable
At a rate when the cost(cash, downtime) of restore is unacceptable

55. Operating A Standby Server
Server 1-Log Backup Regularly
Server 2-Log Restore with NoRecovery
Server 2 Database is read-only
Server 2-Log Restore with Recovery
Used in case of catastrophic failure of Server1

56. Backup Devices Device = File
Permanent object you can reference by name
Example:
BACKUP DATABASE Lab3A
TO DailyBackup

57. Tape Backup Must be attached locally to the SQL Server
Some syntax is unique to tape media
Must be recognized by Windows Backup as a SCSI tape device

58. Special Log Backups WITH Truncate_Only WITH No_Truncate
Clears log, no backup file is created
Used to maintain log when no regular log backups occur
WITH No_Truncate
Emergency use when data file not available
WITH COPY_ONLY (new to SQL 2005)
Does not disturb normal backup flow or interrupt normal log backup/restore process
Use on an ad-hoc basis before running potentially harmful queries

59. Backup Strategies Weekly Full Backup Nightly Full Backup
Variations of above with Differential and Log Backups

60. Best Practices Use Automation Test Your Backups Use Notification
Use COPY_ONLY option as needed
Understand the Business
Keep Management Informed

61. Lab 5A: Backup

62. Module 6: Restore

63. Restore Safety Features
Restore will fail(or need override) if:
Backup file stored name does not match the database name
Set of database files do not match
All necessary files are not available

64. Restore Database Statement
RESTORE DATABASE Lab6
FROM DISK=‘c:\Lab6.bak’
WITH RECOVERY

65. Restore Process Always backup the log first! Full Differential Log
Recovery

66. Saving Space
Maintain the log file
Compress your backup files

67. Log Restore Options Stopping at a certain time
Stopping at a named bookmark

68. Single Row Restore Use in case of accidental delete:
Restore to a temporary location
Enable identity inserts
Insert necessary rows
Intimate knowledge of data structure required

69. Restoring Master Place server into single user mode Perform Restore
Restart Server

70. Restoring Master with No Backup
Rebuilm.exe utility creates brand new master, model, msdb
Sp_attach_db plugs data files back in

71. Best Practices Backup the log at first sign of trouble
Periodically test a restore
Maintain enough working space
Avoid the need to restore
Backup system databases as required

72. Lab 6A: Restore

73. Module 7: Web and Email Integration

74. Web Technologies Allow connection to SQL Server through HTTP
Used for logging, collecting data, reporting, data transfer and admin functions
Examples:
ASP, ASP.Net, Perl, CGI, Cold Fusion, JSP, Java

75. Communication Process

76. Benefits of web integration
Secure worldwide access
No client deployment
Remote access for administrative functions

77. Dangers of web access Misuse of data Data communication interception
Hackers have a doorway to your network

78. SQL Injection Malicious users leverage web input against SQL Server
Examples:
Running server level commands
Changing the where clause…OR 1=1
Running DDL Commands
Reading ODBC Errors for data discovery

79. Protection from SQL injection
Only use minimal priviledged account
Pre-process all input
Minimize direct SQL from web page by using Stored Procs and UDFs

80. ASP Example

81. ASP.Net Example

82. Email Notification Allows asynchronous communication with SQL Server
Numerous techniques:
Database Mail
New to SQL 2005
Easy to use smtp mail provider, easy setup
CDONTS.Newmail
Provided as a .dll file with Windows 2000
Com Object
CDO.Message
Provide with XP/Windows 2003
SQLMail
MAPI Client
Must be setup during a full moon
Third party objects
.NET Framework mail objects

83. CDONTS Object

84. CDO Object

85. Database Mail

86. SQL Mail Setup Not recommended Requirements:
MAPI compliant mail server
MAPI client on SQL Server
SQL Service logged in as domain account
Domain account has mailbox available

87. Lab 7A: Web/Email Integration

88. Module 8: Automation and Job Scheduling

89. Requirements SQLServerAgent service must be running
Permissions on network or local resources

90. Automation Examples Nightly backup Nightly data transfer
Hourly generation of web pages
Detection of server problems:
Log 95% full
Backup Log
Notification

91. Automation Components
Job
Collection of steps, each step performing work
Operator
Pointer to account in Database Mail or SQL Mail
Alerts
Connection between a detected problem and a job/operator

92. Jobs Created with gui or with sp_add_job May be scheduled
Comprised of Steps:
Transact SQL
Operating System Commands
ActiveX (VBScript/Javascript)
Other (Replication, SSIS, Analysis Services)
Retain history
Might have success/failure workflow
Can target multiple servers

93. Defining a Job Step

94. Operators
An alias to a native address of SQL Mail or Database Mail
Net Send address also supported
Operator Addresses
– business hours address
Pager – after hours address
Net send
Failsafe Operator

95. Defining an Operator

96. Alerts Alert types Windows eventlog MUST trigger response
SQL Server Error
SQL Server Performance Condition
WMI Query
Windows eventlog MUST trigger response
Alert response is defined by admins
Execute Job
Send Notification

97. Defining An Alert

98. Proxies
Allow job steps to run with a different windows login

99. Lab 8A: Automation and Job Scheduling

100. Module 9: Data Transfer

101. Data Transfer Movement of data between systems
One of the most common DBA functions

102. Data Transfer Examples
Nightly download of sales data from all stores
Quarterly catalog update for website
Order fulfillment
Hourly transfer of order information to fulfillment center
Hourly gathering of ship tracking information
Movement of web data into accounting system

103. Data Transfer Techniques
SSIS and Import-Export Wizard
Legacy DTS Package Support
BCP.EXE command line utility
Backup/Restore
Distributed Queries
Saving results from query analyzer
Web Page download
Bulk Insert Statement
Detach/Re-attach database files
Log Shipping
Select/Insert

104. SSIS
Import/Export Wizard
Visual Studio Project

105. BCP Command line utility Examples:
Bcp northwind..products out c:\nwind.csv –w –t, -r/n –T
Bcp “select * from products” queryout c:\nwind.txt –c –t~ -r/n –Usa -P

106. Backup/Restore
Simply compress, then transfer the backup file to the destination
Clean up sysusers table after restore

107. Distributed queries Openquery/Openrowset/OpenXML SELECT INTO
INSERT/SELECT
Linked Servers

108. Query Analyzer Controlling saved results Output to text file
Reading from different providers

109. Web page download Response Content type change
Saving results to a file, then providing a link
Job scheduler, results come through

110. Bulk Insert

111. Detach/Reattach database files
On database node:
Right click/all tasks/detach
Clean up of sysusers not needed after re- attachment

112. Lab 9A: Data Transfer

113. Module 10: Replication

114. Definitions
Automatic transfer of data between locations

115. Replication Types Transactional Merge Snapshot
Only changes are copied across
Most efficient
Merge
Two sources of read/write data
Most dangerous
Snapshot
Data is removed, then re-created on a schedule

116. Replication Models Central publisher/Distributer
Central Subscriber/Multiple Publisher
Multiple Publisher/Subscriber

117. Setup Tips Ensure box servers are logged in with a domain account
Ensure the domain account is an admin on both boxes
Ensure the domain account can map to c$
Ensure the domain account can run queries against the other server

118. Lab 13A: Replication