1. Writing for MONOGRAPH Faculty of Science (FMIPA), Semarang
Professor Fahrul Huyop
UTM
October, 23rd 2017

2. AN OVERVIEW

3. Monograph
A specialised subject, highly detailed and thoroughly documented study. 100 pages or less

4. Research paper: is written to record a particular topic in an academic area of arts/sciences/social sciences. It is detailed and follow a strict format of referencing, books/papers/or other reliable sources. 
Journal is a collection of academic research papers, based on a theme and published by weekly/monthly/bimonthly/annually/biannually). They are numbered with volumes and issues.   

5. A BOOK
detailed materials with many pages (100pages or more) on a particular subject. They can be a collection of papers written by one author or several authors.
PhD theses can be published as an academic book.

6. PREFACE is an introduction to a Monograph,
A preface is a section that includes explanatory remarks i.e why the monograph was written and who are the target.
the preface often closes with acknowledgements of those who assisted in the literary work.

7. Copyright and Trademarks
Authors are the owner of this Monograph
i.e. Copyright©2012/All Rights Reserved
No part of this Monograph may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the permission in writing of the Authors & publisher.
Copying of content is not permitted except for personal and internal use

8. How to start writing a Monograph?

9. IDENTIFY, RESEARCH AND COLLECT IDEA
Pre-liminary step for before writing:
go through a complete process of your Journal subject.
read published work in the same field.
googgling on the topic of your research work.
attend conferences/workshops/symposiums on the same fields .
Understand the scientific terms and jargon related to your research work.

10. WRITE DOWN YOUR STUDIES AND FINDINGS
Now it is the time to articulate the research work with ideas gathered above.

11. A. Bits and Pieces together
Combine all your researched information in form of a journal or research paper.
You can take the reference of already accomplished work as a starting building block.
Now you feel confident about the work and takes a jump to start the writing.

12. B. Use of Simulation software
get the simulated results figures & tables (the easiest process of paper writing).
Many software available. i.e Bioinformatics software like Autodock/modeler (if you do modelling).
By adopting the above practices all major constructs of a research paper can be written and put together to form a complete research document.

13. Appendices
An option

14. Glossary
A list of terms in a special subject or field with proper definitions.
Incorporated at the back of a monograph, explaining or defining difficult/unusual words. A
Acidophile: organisms are those that thrive under highly acidic conditions (usually at pH 2.0 or below).  B
Bacteria: small organism cannot be seen by naked eye. H
Halogenated compound: chemicals with halogen group attached to one of the carbon shain

15. Index
an alphabetical list of names/subjects, etc., with references to the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a monograph
Scientific Research 3, 13
Atom 4, 47, 123
Newton 4
Photon 5, 43
Dark Particle 5

16. Steps to Develop a Monograph
Step 1: Select a topic. Step 2: Secure approval (modification, if necessary) of the topic. Step 3: Select members of the Monograph Support Group (Omit). Step 4: Develop the Monograph Proposal. Step 5: Secure approval (modification, if necessary) of the proposal. Step 6: Conduct research/collect information. Step 7: Write/edit the monograph. Step 8: Submit the monograph.

17. Step 1: Select a Topic
Candidates will choose the topics for their monograph.
Academic Committee will evaluate a topic by considering:
Feasibility;
Originality;
Usefulness; and
Interest and relevance.
In considering their topics, candidates should:
Evaluate several possible topics of special interest .
Examine each potential topic for its feasibility, including the resources available to support their specific research effort.

18. Tips choosing topics Consider the general interest of the target area
Pick a manageable topic. i.e your own research area.
Do not choose a topic that is either overly broad (which will make it impossible to adequately address) or too narrow (so that no one else will care about the results).
Too broad: for example, “Plants with Traditional-Medicinal Properties in Indonesia”. There are (probably) hundreds of it.
Too narrow: only focus on “Anti-Inflammatory agent in Zingiber officinale”.
Instead: Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ginger in Health and Physical Activity.

19. Topics To Avoid
Do not choose a topic about which your conclusions will be irrelevant — and no one will care!
Do not choose a topic if the literature already provides ALL information necessary to understand the topic.

20. Suggestions for Obtaining Ideas
Consider problems that are often difficult to solve in which you have provided a unique solution.
Think about issues that other scientists cite as problems.
Keep an idea in a notebook.
Read existing monographs.
Do significant research on the topic that you are considering-your very own field of interest,

21. Step Two:
Secure approval of a topic by the Academic committee (normally in the faculty) before sending to the reputable publisher i.e. UNNES Press or University Publisher.

22. Step Three: Select Members of the Monograph Support Group
Depending on the institution.

23. Step Four: Develop the Monograph Proposal
After approval (modification, if necessary) of the monograph topic, prepare a proposal including an outline/a draft.
Sample monograph proposal in next slide : Question/issues to address in each section to explain what each section should accomplish.

24. Questions/issues to address
Is the problem clear? Is the investigation able to be answered?
Have you positioned your problem within the context of previous studies?
Is your proposed method of investigation suitable for finding an answer to your problem?
Is the topic within your range of competence?
Is the way you will address your problem logical?
The outline discussed above, should contain a brief literature review (what have others reported on the topic?) and some description of the research method(s) to be used.

25. Step Five:
Secure Approval (from the Faculty Academic Committee) of the proposed monograph after corrections are made.
Before you continue developing your monograph, you should once again carefully consider your proposal and make changes as necessary, since the proposal should drive the development and writing of your monograph.

26. Step Six: Conduct Research/Collect Information
seeking ideas/material developed by others and putting these together in new ways or discovering something new that has never been known.
research method requires you to interpret in a way that will enable conclusions to be drawn.
Organized and analyzed data critically
Draw appropriate conclusions that have reached.

27. In the process you will likely discover three types of evidence
Facts – Pieces of information that can be objectively observed and measured.
Inferences – Statements about the unknown made on the basis of what is known.
Judgments – Expressions of someone’s approval or disapproval of something being described, generally (hopefully!) based on some evidence.
Perhaps the most difficult determination that you will need to make is to decide which of the three types of evidence to be incorporated.

28. Step Seven: Write/Edit the Monograph
Common organizational format are as follows:
Acknowledgements
This section should include those individuals that assisted you with your monograph.
Executive Summary
This abstract of your monograph briefly (less than one page) summarizes your project goal(s), methodology and major findings (recommendations). If it is well written and relevant to the reader’s needs, the Executive Summary will encourage the reader to read the monograph itself.
Statement of the Problem
It describes your topic, why is it done?

29. Step Seven: Write/Edit the Monograph
Literature Review
Must present the relationship between your current study and previous work done on the topic. It should provide a logical flow of information from that known previously to the beginning of your own research.
At the of this section, the reader should be thinking, “Of course, the need for this monograph is clear, and it is important ”
You will know you have done enough study for the literature review when you read/refer the articles/books redundantly.

30. Step Seven: Write/Edit the Monograph
Internet literature review by conducting electronic searches:
Using the World Wide Web;
Using other Internet resources;
Using library catalogs; and
Using databases and electronic indexes.

31. Step Seven: Write/Edit the Monograph
Statement methods
In this section you should describe the steps you used to conduct your research
The Subjects – you are studying
The Instruments or Measures – How and what you used ?
The Procedures – How you conduct your study.
Also, to explain what you did not try to do or you may present a section called “Limitations of the Study.”

32. Step Seven: Write/Edit the Monograph
Results/Discussion/Implications
Must clearly presents your findings.
You may include tables/figures as supporting evidence.
In your Discussion/Implications section, you should review your findings with respect to previous studies. You should also suggest implications of the research, limitations. #
This is the area where you make recommendations about how others can make use of the monograph information.

33. Step Seven: Write/Edit the Monograph
References
Should include citations to which you refer throughout the monograph.

34. Step Seven: Write/Edit the Monograph
Appendices
This section should include supportive information that is detailed and helpful to understanding the project, but that might interrupt the flow of information if it were included in the body of the monograph.

35. Step Eight: Submission
If the monograph is ready, submit it by December 1st.

36. Examples:

37. Title: Novel Solid–phase Microextraction Fiber Coating for the Forensic Detection of Accelerants in Arson Samples Authors: Umi Kalthom Ahmad- Penerbit UTM PRESS (2008) 99 pages only
CONTENTS
Abstract
Abstrak
Contents
Tables
Figures
Symbols/ Abbreviations/ Notational/ Terminology
Appendices
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Background
Problem Statements and the Needs of Study
Objectives and Scope of Study
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY
Arson Crime Scene Investigation
Arson Samples and Burn Patterns
Analysis of Fire–Scene Samples
Court Presentation and Arson Evidence
Nature of Accelerants
The Evolution of Accelerant Extraction Technique
Solid-phase Microextraction (SPME)
Principles of SPME
Extraction Modes with Coated SPME Fibers
Recovery of Accelerants by Headspace–SPME (HS– SPME) Technique
Identification of Volatile Accelerants by SPME–Gas Chromatography Analysis

38. Novel Solid–phase Microextraction Fiber Coating for the Forensic Detection of Accelerants in Arson Samples Authors: Umi Kalthom Ahmad- Penerbit UTM PRESS (2008). 99 pages only
CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL
Introduction
Chemicals and Materials
Apparatus
Instrumentation
Preparation of the Sol–gel Derived C8–coated Fiber
Preparation of Standard Stock Solution
Procedure for Extractions using Headspace SPME (HS–SPME)
Preparation of Spiked Fire Debris Sample
General Procedures for Characterization of the C8– coated Fiber
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Introduction
Characterization of the C8–coated Fiber
Selectivity for Standard Hydrocarbons
Extraction Capability for Standard Hydrocarbons
Lifetime of the Coating
Thermal Stability
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
Surface Characteristics of the Coating
Estimation and Reproducibility of the Film Thickness
Determination of Extracting Phase Volume
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analysis

39. CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Conclusions
Title: Novel Solid–phase Microextraction Fiber Coating for the Forensic Detection of Accelerants in Arson Samples Authors: Umi Kalthom Ahmad- Penerbit UTM PRESS (2008). 99 pages only
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Conclusions
Future Directions
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
INDEX

44. Thank You