1. The application of five senses
The Nature of Science
The application of five senses
The Scientific Method

2. Lab Safety Review Know Safety Rules Know Lab Equipment
Know Safety Equipment Location

3. Left Page Entry Draw a sketch of the following Fire Blanket
Fire Extinguisher
First Aid Kit
Safety Shower
Eyewash Station
Exits(2)

4. LABORATORY (North view)

5. LABORATORY(South view)

6. LABORATORY(West view)

7. The Methods of Science What is Science?
1.1
The Methods of Science
What is Science?
Science is a method for studying the natural world.
It is a process that uses observation and investigation to gain knowledge about events in nature.

8. Major Categories Life Sciences Earth Sciences Physical Sciences
Deals with living things
Earth Sciences
Involves Earth and Space
Physical Sciences
Deals with matter and energy

9. Science Explains Nature
Scientists ask questions to learn about the natural world.
They use observational skills to gather information
Scientific explanations help you understand the natural world.

10. Observation WHAT IS AN OBSERVATION?
THE PROCESS OF GATHERING INFORMATION WITH OUR SENSES
List the 5 senses
List two types of observations

11. 2 TYPES OF OBSERVATIONS QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
Observations that do not involve numbers. Refers to the quality…
Color
Hardness
Smell
Observations that involve numbers.
10cm
25 0C
etc

12. Scientific Methods An organized set of investigation procedures
Scientists learn new information about the natural world by performing investigations, which can be done in many different ways

13. Some investigations involve simply observing something that occurs and recording the observations

14. SCIENTIFIC
METHOD

15. Stating the Problem
Many scientific investigations begin when someone observes an event in nature and wonders why or how it occurs.
Then the question of “why” or “how” is the problem

16. Forming a Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a possible explanation for a problem using what you know and what you observe.

17. 2 Types of Hypothesis
NULL HYPOTHESIS When you expect no difference between the experimental & control group
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS When you expect a difference between the experimental & control group

18. Alternative or Null???
I expect there to be no difference between survival in the control and daphnia exposed to varying doses of sodium chloride.
I expect the survival rate of daphnia to decrease as the concentration of sodium chloride increases.

19. Researching and Gathering Information
Before testing a hypothesis, it is useful to learn as much as possible about the background of the problem

20. Testing a Hypothesis Some hypotheses can be tested by
making observations
building a model and relating it to real-life situations.

21. An experiment tests the effect of one thing on another using controlled conditions.
A variable is a quantity that can have more than a single value.

22. 2 Variables of a Controlled Experiment
independent variable- the variable you change to see how it will affect the dependent variable
dependent variable the variable that changes according to the changes in the other variables

23. Constant A factor that does not change when other variables change
Give examples of constants
Why must we have constants?
We have to have variables that remain the same so that when a change does occur we know what caused it.

24. Control
A control is the standard by which the test results can be compared.

26. Analyzing the Data
An important part of every experiment includes recording observations and organizing the test data into easy-to-read tables and graphs.

27. GRAPHS

29. Drawing Conclusions
Based on the analysis of your data, you decide whether or not your hypothesis is supported.
For the hypothesis to be considered valid and widely accepted, the experiment must result in the exact same data every time it is repeated.

30. Being Objective
A bias occurs when what the scientist expects changes how the results are viewed
Scientist must record their findings and not what they think would or should occur

31. Validation
Findings are supportable when other scientists perform the same experiment and get the same results

32. Questions & Discussion

34. Compare & Contrast Pure Science and Technology

36. Science is Dynamic
Because science explains nature it is constantly changing.
i.e.
Pluto-dwarf star instead of planet
The Cell Theory vs. Theory of Spontaneous Generation

37. What Is Chemistry? What Is Chemistry?
1.1
What Is Chemistry?
What Is Chemistry?
Why is the scope of chemistry so vast?

38. 1.1
What Is Chemistry?
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
Chemical changes that occur in leaves can cause brilliant displays of color.

39. 1.1
What Is Chemistry?
Because living and nonliving things are made of matter, chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events.

40. Areas of Study Areas of Study
1.1
Areas of Study
Areas of Study
What are five traditional areas of study in chemistry?

41. Areas of Study Five traditional areas of study are organic chemistry
1.1
Areas of Study
Five traditional areas of study are
organic chemistry
inorganic chemistry
biochemistry
analytical chemistry
physical chemistry

42. 1.1
Areas of Study
Organic chemistry is defined as the study of all chemicals containing carbon.
Chemists study structures and processes in the human body. Inferring Does a bone contain mainly organic or inorganic chemicals?

43. 1.1
Areas of Study
Inorganic chemistry is the study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon.
Chemists study structures and processes in the human body. Inferring Does a bone contain mainly organic or inorganic chemicals?

44. The study of processes that take place in organisms is biochemistry.
1.1
Areas of Study
The study of processes that take place in organisms is biochemistry.
Chemists study structures and processes in the human body. Inferring Does a bone contain mainly organic or inorganic chemicals?

45. 1.1
Areas of Study
Analytical chemistry is the area of study that focuses on the composition of matter.
Chemists study structures and processes in the human body. Inferring Does a bone contain mainly organic or inorganic chemicals?

46. 1.1
Areas of Study
Physical chemistry is the area that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change.
Chemists study structures and processes in the human body. Inferring Does a bone contain mainly organic or inorganic chemicals?

47. Pure and Applied Chemistry
1.1
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Pure and Applied Chemistry
How are pure and applied chemistry related?

48. Pure and Applied Chemistry
1.1
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Pure chemistry is the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake.
Applied chemistry is research that is directed toward a practical goal or application.

49. Pure and Applied Chemistry
1.1
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Pure research can lead directly to an application, but an application can exist before research is done to explain how it works.

50. Pure and Applied Chemistry
1.1
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Nylon
In the early 1930’s, Wallace Carothers produced nylon while researching cotton and silk.
A team of scientists and engineers applied Carothers’s research to the commercial production of nylon.
Long, thin nylon fibers are woven into the fabric used in this backpack. Other objects that can be made from nylon are jackets, fishing lines, toothbrush bristles, and ropes.

51. Pure and Applied Chemistry
1.1
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Aspirin
Long before researchers figured out how aspirin works, people used it to relieve pain, and doctors prescribed it for patients who were at risk for a heart attack.
In 1971, it was discovered that aspirin can block the production of a group of chemicals that cause pain and lead to the formation of blood clots. This is an example of pure research.

52. Pure and Applied Chemistry
1.1
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Technology
Technology is the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed and desired.
Technology allows humans to do some things more quickly or with less effort.
There are debates about the risks and benefits of technology.

53. Why Study Chemistry? Why Study Chemistry?
1.1
Why Study Chemistry?
Why Study Chemistry?
What are three general reasons to study chemistry?

54. 1.1
Why Study Chemistry?
Chemistry can be useful in explaining the natural world, preparing people for career opportunities, and producing informed citizens.

55. Why Study Chemistry? Explaining the Natural World
1.1
Why Study Chemistry?
Explaining the Natural World
Chemistry can help you satisfy your natural desire to understand how things work.

56. Why Study Chemistry? Preparing For a Career
1.1
Why Study Chemistry?
Preparing For a Career
Many careers require knowledge of chemistry. A photographer uses chemical processes to control the development of photographs in a darkroom.
Even after the invention of the digital camera, many photographers still work with film. They use chemical processes to develop film and produce prints in a darkroom. Inferring Why isn’t film developed under natural light conditions?

57. Why Study Chemistry? Being an Informed Citizen
1.1
Why Study Chemistry?
Being an Informed Citizen
Knowledge of chemistry and other sciences can help you evaluate the data presented, arrive at an informed opinion, and take appropriate action.
By registering to vote, these citizens in Chicago, Illinois, can have a say in the decisions made by their government. Those decisions include how much money to provide for scientific research.

58. Problem Solving in Chemistry
1.4
Problem Solving in Chemistry
Shape-sorter toys fascinate young children. Typically, the children try placing a shape in different holes until they find the right one. The trial-and-error approach is one method of problem solving, but it is usually not the best one.

59. Skills Used in Solving Problems
1.4
Skills Used in Solving Problems
Skills Used in Solving Problems
What is a general approach to solving a problem?

60. Skills Used in Solving Problems
1.4
Skills Used in Solving Problems
Effective problem solving always involves developing a plan and then implementing that plan.

61. Skills Used in Solving Problems
1.4
Skills Used in Solving Problems
Shopping involves problem solving skills.
A shopper must make many decision. Some of those decisions are based on data, like the information on a food label.

62. Solving Numeric Problems
1.4
Solving Numeric Problems
Solving Numeric Problems
What are the three steps for solving numeric problems?

63. Solving Numeric Problems
1.4
Solving Numeric Problems
The steps for solving a numeric word problem are analyze, calculate, and evaluate.
This flowchart summarizes the steps for solving a numeric problem. Predicting In which step do you make a plan for getting from what is known to what is unknown?

64. Solving Numeric Problems
1.4
Solving Numeric Problems
Analyze
To solve a word problem, you must first determine where you are starting from (identify what is known) and where you are going (identify the unknown).
After you identify the known and the unknown, you need to make a plan for getting from the known to the unknown.

65. Solving Numeric Problems
1.4
Solving Numeric Problems
Calculate
If you make an effective plan, doing the calculations is usually the easiest part of the process.
Evaluate
Check that your answer is reasonable and makes sense. Check that it has the correct unit and the correct number of significant figures.

66. 1.1

67. Figure 1.25 Map of Indianapolis
Refer to this map of Indianapolis, Indiana, while you do Sample Problem 1.1. Interpreting Diagrams In the section of downtown bounded by north, east, south, and west streets, the main streets and avenues are named for states. What are the five exceptions to this pattern?

68. Solving Numeric Problems
1.1
Solving Numeric Problems

69. Solving Numeric Problems
1.1
Solving Numeric Problems

70. Solving Numeric Problems
1.1
Solving Numeric Problems

71. Solving Numeric Problems
for Sample Problem 1.1
Solving Numeric Problems

72. Solving Conceptual Problems
1.4
Solving Conceptual Problems
Solving Conceptual Problems
What are the two steps for solving conceptual problems?

73. Solving Conceptual Problems
1.4
Solving Conceptual Problems
The steps for solving a conceptual problem are analyze and solve.
This flowchart shows the two steps used for solving a conceptual problem. Comparing and Contrasting With a conceptual problem, why is the second step called Solve rather than Calculate?

75. Solving Conceptual Problems
Caption

76. Solving Conceptual Problems
Caption

77. Solving Conceptual Problems

78. for Conceptual Problem 1.1

79. 1.4 Section Quiz
1.4

80. 1.4 Section Quiz
1. Effective problem solving always involves developing a plan and then
evaluating the plan.
doing calculations.
making an estimate.
implementing the plan.

81. 1.4 Section Quiz
2. During the analyze step for solving a numeric word problem, you
make an estimate of the answer using correct units.
rearrange an equation to solve for an unknown.
identify what is known and unknown and make a plan.
convert a measurement from one unit to another.

82. 1.4 Section Quiz 3. The steps for solving a conceptual problem are
solve and evaluate.
analyze, solve, and evaluate.
analyze and solve.
analyze, calculate, and evaluate.

83. Chem ASAP
Concept Map 1 Solve the Concept Map with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.