1. Leading Causes of Death
List, in order, what you think are the 5 leading causes of death
Leading causes of death

2. The Cost of Heart Disease
#1 Killer in the USA
Almost 1 million/year die from Heart disease
1.5 million Heart Attacks/year
Accounts for 50% of all deaths in USA

3. What is Heart Disease?
Atherosclerosis – hardening of the arteries. Fatty deposits build up on the inner walls of the arteries; this narrows the space which blood can flow.
Can cause:
Heart Attack
Strokes
Cardiovascular disease

4. Heart Disease
List 5 factors that put us at risk of Heart Disease!!!

5. Risk Factors (Uncontrollable)
Increasing Age
Heredity
(Runs in the Family)
Male

6. Risk Factors (Controllable)
Smoking (3X)
High Blood Pressure
Hypertension (Stress)
Lack of Exercise (2X)
Overweight (Diet)
Excessive Alcohol
High Cholesterol level

7. Your Ideal Weight Females (# of inches over 5’) x 5 + 100 =

8. The Circulatory System
Purpose:
To transport needed materials (oxygen & nutrients) to ALL the cells in the body.
To remove wastes from ALL the cells in your body.

9. Parts of the Circulatory System
Heart – acts as the pump to push blood through the…
Arteries, Veins & Capillaries – which serves as the pipes to move the …
Blood – which is the fluid of this system
Lymphatic System – reclaiming system

10. The Heart We have a 4 chambered heart Right side – deoxygenated blood
Left side – oxygenated blood
Top half (Right & Left Atria) – receives blood into the heart
Bottom half (Right & Left Ventricles) – pumps blood out to the lungs & the rest of the body

12. Arteries
Strong muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.
Most carry Oxygenated blood.

13. Artery

14. Veins Thinner vessels that carry blood towards the heart.
Most carry Deoxygenated blood.
Contain Valves that allow blood to flow only towards the heart. (prevent backflow)

15. Vein

17. Capillaries Smallest blood vessels. Connect arteries to veins.
The capillaries function to exchange substances between the blood & the body cells.
This is the area of the circulatory system where the real work takes place.

19. Composition of Blood Red Blood Cells (RBC) – carries O2 & CO2
contain HEMOGLOBIN to carry O2
White Blood Cells (WBC) – immunity.
Platelets – help to clot blood.
Plasma – fluid portion of blood
Other Stuff in blood:
Proteins, hormones, urea, glucose, amino acids, fats, vitamins, minerals, salts.

23. Path of Blood Through the Heart

25. Lymphatic System
Reclaiming System – picks up tissue fluid which has seeped into spaces between cells.
Lymph Nodes – where lymph is filtered and then put back into the veins. These nodes contain white blood cells to destroy harmful substances in lymph as it passes through the lymph nodes.
A system of organs serving in defense against disease (immunity)

26. The Immune System
The immune system works to fight off infections that occur within the body.
An infection is caused when an invader (a pathogen…also known as an antigen)

27. An Overview of the Body’s Defense System
Nonspecific
Defense Mechanisms
Specific Defense Mechanisms (Immune System)
1st Line of Def.
2nd Line of Def.
3rd Line of Def.
Skin
Mucous Membranes
Secretions of skin & mucous membranes
The imflammatory response
Phagocytic WBC’s
Antimicrobial proteins
Antibodies
Lymphocytes
T-cells
B-cells

28. An Overview of the Body’s Defense
Another way to look at it:
1st Line of Defense – Walls around a city
2nd Line of Defense – Ordinary soldiers
3rd Line of Defense – Intelligence officers who track down specific dangerous infiltrators

29. 1st Line of Defense
Your Skin provides defends your body by providing protection from blocking entry of Pathogens.
Pathogen – any disease-causing agent (i.e. viruses & bacteria
A pathogen may also be considered an ANTIGEN
An word ANTIGEN is short for ANTIbody GENerator

30. Pathogens
Viruses – are very simple organism that can reproduce ONLY in after infecting (getting into) other organisms.
They are NOT considered living organism
They are made up of a protein capsid, some DNA or RNA and a few proteins

31. Pathogens
Bacteria – single-celled living organisms that lack a cell nucleus (meaning their prokaryotic – no nucleus)
They CAN reproduce outside of another living organism and they ARE considered living organisms

33. 1st Line of Defense Skin & Mucous membranes
Skin acts as a barrier to prevent pathogens from entering.
Pathogens – viruses, allergens, bacteria, molds.
Skin produces an enzyme that breaks down the cell wall of the bacteria - killing them.
Pathogens get trapped in the mucous membranes.

34. Breaking Through
If there is an entry portal (a break in the 1st line of defense), invaders can break through the barriers.
What happens next????

35. 2nd Line of Defense
Antibodies in the blood recognize the invaders as foreign. A chain reaction then occurs that causes white blood cells stored in the blood vessels, spleen & bone marrow to rush to the point of entry.

36. 2nd Line of Defense
The “Kill”- At the entry point, white blood cells literally swallow the invaders, releasing powerful substances to destroy them.

37. Immune Response
Anytime that particular pathogen enters your body again – that unique antibody recognizes the invader & ties it up. This is called IMMUNITY

38. Antibody-Antigen Reaction