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Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
2.1 Elements and Symbols 2.2 Periodic Table LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Elements Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes Are the building blocks of matter 112 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Symbols of Elements Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only Examples: C carbon Co cobalt N nitrogen Ca calcium F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium LecturePLUS Timberlake
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Symbols from Latin Names
Element Symbol Latin name Copper Cu cuprum Gold Au aurum Lead Pb plumbum Mercury Hg hydrargyrum Potassium K kalium Silver Ag argentum Sodium Na natrium Tin Sn stannum LecturePLUS Timberlake
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% Major Elements in the Body
O 65.0 % K C S H Na N Cl Ca Fe P Zn Mg Trace Elements As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 1) C 2) Ca 3) CA B. Sulfur 1) S 2) Sl 3) Su C. Iron 1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 2) Ca B. Sulfur 1) S C. Iron 3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check Select the correct name for each: A. N 1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickel B. P 1) potassium 2) phogiston 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver 2) agean 3) gold LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution Select the correct name for each: A. N 2) nitrogen B. P 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Periodic Table The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties. LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Physical Properties The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance. Color Size Shape Density Freezing and Boiling Points Odor LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Groups of Elements Vertical columns on the periodic table Similar physical properties Similar chemical properties LecturePLUS Timberlake
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Groups on the Periodic Table
LecturePLUS Timberlake
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Representative Groups
Group 1 Alkali Metals Group Alkaline Earth Metals Group 7 Halogens Group 8 Noble Gases LecturePLUS Timberlake
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Location of Some Groups
A l m k e a t l a i l s A l k a i n e H a l o g e n s I G n a e s r e t s LecturePLUS Timberlake
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Periods on the Periodic Table
Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8. Numbered 1, 2, 3, …. Include representative elements and transition elements LecturePLUS Timberlake
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Periods on the Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution A. Element in Group 7A, period 4 1) Br B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3 2) magnesium LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn D. Nonmetals in Group VA 1) As, Sb, Bi ) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3 2) magnesium C. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb D. Nonmetals in Group VA 2) N, P, As LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Metals and Nonmetals Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Shiny, ductile Good conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals Located to the right of the heavy line Dull and brittle Poor conductors, good insulators LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Metals and Nonmetals Transition metals NONMETALS METALS METALS LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur ____ B. chlorine ____ C. sodium ____ D. iron ____ E. carbon ____ F. silver ____ LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulfur 2 B. chlorine 2 C. sodium 1 D. iron 1 E. carbon 2 F. silver 1 LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check Select the correct elements: A. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn B. Nonmetals in Group VA 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb LecturePLUS Timberlake
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LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution A. Metals in Group 4A 1) Ge, Sn, Pb B. Nonmetals in Group 5A 2) N, P, As LecturePLUS Timberlake
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