1. KEY CONCEPT Many organisms reproduce by cell division.

2. Binary fission is similar to mitosis.
Reproduction-process that makes new organisms from one or more parents.
1) Sexual Reproduction-joining of 2 specialized cells called gametes (eggs and sperm), one from each parent. Offspring is genetically unique.
2) Asexual Reproduction-offspring come from one parent, they are genetically identical.

3. 2 types of Asexual Reproduction: Mitosis
Binary Fission-division of a single organism (prokaryotes)
into 2 roughly equal parts.
parent cell
DNA
duplicates
cell begins
to divide
daughter
cells

4. Binary Fission and Mitosis, produce 2 daughter cells, but have different processes.
1) prokaryotes don’t have nuclei or spindle fibers
2) prokaryotes have DNA, but much less, usually one circular chromosome.
3) DNA copies, attaches to cell membrane, cell grows bigger, chromosomes move opposite side of cell, cell goes through cytokinesis, 2 daughter cells are formed.

5. Asexual Reproduction has pros and cons
Environments that are stable
Less “costly” than sexual
Cons:
Environments with lots of change
One “bad” mutation can wipe out population

6. Some eukaryotes reproduce through mitosis.
Some plants and animals reproduce asexually through mitosis.
Miotic Reproduction is more common in simpler plants and animals.
3 Kinds of Miotic Reproduction:
1) Budding-small projection grows off of parent forming a separate individual.
2) Fragmentation-parent organism splits into pieces, each piece grows into a new organism.
3) Vegetative Reproduction-when a modified stem or root grows off of the parent.
Some organisms reproduce sexually and asexually
Depending on the current environmental conditions.

7. bud
Hydra
Yeast