1. Classification * Grouping things based on their similarities
Taxonomy- is the science of classification
Biologists use classification to organize living things into group so that they are easier to study

2. Aristotle
was the first scientist to record a classification system for animals. Zoology
It was based on whether animals could:
fly
swim
walk, crawl, or run

3. Carolus Linnaeus
In the 1750’s, Linnaeus expanded the classification system
He devised a two word naming system- Binomial Nomenclature
Genus- first word
Species- both words (second word gives a more specific characteristic)

4. Levels of Classification
Organisms are classified into seven levels.
1. Kingdom (most broad)
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. species (most specific)

5. Some Examples Felis concolor Felis pardalis Felis domesticus
Felis- genus with sharp, retractable claws that hunt other animals
concolor- means same color (puma)
pardalis- means spotted like a panther (ocelot)
domesticus- of the house (house cat)

6. Evolution and Classification
Darwin’s
Theory of Evolution
Evolution is the process by which species gradually change over time.

7. Chemical Makeup of cells
Evolutionary
History of a Species
Comes from
Fossils
Body structures
Early development
Chemical Makeup of cells
Today’s scientist rely on chemical makeup in determining an organisms evolutionary history 7

8. Charles Darwin Evolution and Classification
In 1859 Darwin published a theory about how species can change over time
Darwin collected much of his data in the Galapagos Islands aboard the
HMS Beagle

9. Darwin’s Finches Warbler Finch Cactus Finch Insect eater Nectar eater
Ground Finch
Seed eater

10. Darwin’s Galapagos Islands (10 min)

11. Natural Selection
Darwin explained his Theory of Evolution by using the idea of what he called Natural Selection – as an organism changes over time, if the changes help them to survive the changes will be passed on to their offspring

12. Darwin and Natural Selection (4min)

13. Classification Today
In addition to the work of Darwin and others, today we also study fossils of organisms and we compare the early development of organisms to obtain information on similar evolutionary history.

14. Six Kingdoms
Linnaeus proposed the first kingdom structure (2 kingdoms- plants and animals)
Today organisms are classified into SIX Kingdoms
Archaebacteria Fungi
Eubacteria Plants
Protists Animals

15. How Do We Place Organisms Into Kingdoms?
Type of cells-
- Prokaryote- no nucleus
Pro – no – nucleus
- Eukaryote- has a nucleus
U – have – nucleus

16. Ability to make food Autotroph-make their own food
Heterotroph-can not make own food

17. Number of cells Unicellular- Multicellular- More than one cell
Single-celled
Multicellular-
More than one cell

18. Autotroph and Heterotroph

19. Classification of…
The Wombat
50 Pounds of marsupial with a bad attitude

20. The Wombat
Wombats are found in Australia and are in the same order as Koalas

21. Classification of the Wombat
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Animalia
Chordata
Mammal (marsupial
Diprotodontia
Vombatidae
Vombatus
ursinus

22. Most Advanced Classification Method
With the advancement of DNA research, taxonomists today primarily use chemical analysis of the cell to classify organisms.
Family: Mustelidae
New Family: Mephitidae
“noxious gas”

23. Chemical Classification (4 min)

25. Autotroph and Heterotroph