1. Historical thinking skill: Causation
Long essay question
Historical thinking skill: Causation

2. Section II, Part B: The Long essay question (leq) 1 Question, 35 minutes, 15% of exam score
Assesses the student on ONE of FOUR historical thinking skills
Causation
Comparison
Continuity/Change Over Time
Periodization
You will:
Select one question from two choices (both will assess THE SAME historical thinking skill).
Explain and analyze significant issues in world history
Develop an argument supported by analysis of historical evidence

3. Part of the rubric: Thesis (1 point)
You will:
Present a thesis that makes a historically defensible claim
Respond to all parts of the question
Write the thesis in one or more sentences located in one place, either in the introduction or the conclusion
Write a thesis that is clear, concise, and SPECIFIC!

4. Parts of the rubric: Argument development - using the targeted historical thinking skill (2 points)
HTS: Causation
Depending on the wording of the prompt, you will DESCRIBE in the body paragraphs of your essay either (1 point):
Causes of a historical event, development, or process (“Analyze the causes of…”).
Effects of a historical event, development or process (“Analyze the effects of…”).
Causes AND effects of a historical event, development or process (“Analyze the causes and effects of…”).
Causes OR effects of a historical event, development or process (“Analyze the causes or effects of…”).

5. Parts of the rubric: Argument development - using the targeted historical thinking skill (2 points)
HTS: Causation
You will EXPLAIN the reasons for the cause(s) AND/OR effect(s) you identify and describe (1 point)
You will answer the question:
“WHY IS THIS A CAUSE?” OR
“WHY IS THIS AN EFFECT?”
This means you will provide the REASON for it being a cause or an effect.
We do not know at the time of the essay HOW MANY times you will have to analyze the reasons for the cause(s) or effect(s), so you should try to do this analysis FOR ALL of your identified and described areas of causation.

6. Parts of the rubric: Argument development – Using evidence (2 points)
You will ADDRESS the topic of the question with SPECIFIC examples of relevant evidence (1 point)
This means that you provide SPECIFIC FACTUAL INFORMATION (SFI) related to your thesis and/or the question prompt
We do not know, at the time of the essay, HOW MANY pieces of SFI you must provide so include as much as you can remember that is relevant to your thesis and/or the question prompt.
We also do not know HOW MANY pieces of SFI you need for each cause or effect but you can assume that you MUST have at least ONE PIECE of SFI for each cause and/or effect you identify in your essay
RULE OF 3!!

7. Parts of the rubric: Argument development – Using evidence (2 points)
You will UTILZE specific example of evidence to fully and effectively substantiate the stated thesis or a relevant argument (1 point)
This is the “show how the evidence supports your thesis” point.
It is not enough to list a bunch of pieces of SFI together to earn this point. You have to demonstrate that you know how to support an argument using SFI.
This means you have to EXPLAIN your use of the evidence to support your argument.
This also means you have to have a wide range of evidence to support your argument
This means that you can’t have a long “laundry list” of, for example, trade items and nothing else to support your argument. You must vary the type of evidence you provide.

8. Parts of the rubric: Synthesis (1 point)
You will EXTEND the argument by EXPLAINING the CONNECTIONS between your argument (i.e. your thesis, part of your thesis, a CAUSE or an EFFECT) and ONE of the following:
A development in a different historical period, situation, era, or geographical area.
A course theme and/or approach to history that is not the focus of the essay (such as political, economic, social, cultural, or intellectual history
A different discipline or field of inquiry (such as economics, government and politics, art history, or anthropology)
The key to this point is MAKING the CONNECTIONS between your argument and your chose area of synthesis.
It is not enough to just use a phrase or reference.
If you wait until the end of the essay, you must repeat the part of your argument you are extending as well as the connection you are making to these other areas.