1. Firestarter- What was the most interesting thing you learned from the slavery statistics?

2. Causes of the Civil War

3. Differences Between North and South

4. North
Highly industrialized
Vast networks of railroads for trade

5. North
Communication network – telegraph lines were strung along the railroads
Immigrant workers settled in the North and worked in the factories.
Against slavery because they felt it would compete with paid labor

6. South Mainly rural – plantations and small farms
Use rivers to transport goods
Southern economy relied on staple crops like cotton – “King Cotton”
Few immigrants settled here – there was not a need for labor because of slavery

9. Missouri Compromise
a series of agreements passed by Congress to maintain the balance of power between slave and free states.
Line 36 degree 30’ north latitude – north of that line was free – south of it was slave

10. Wilmot Proviso
“neither slavery or involuntary servitude shall ever exist” in any territory the United States might acquire as a result of the war with Mexico.
Divided Congress along regional lines – Northerners supported it and Southerners opposed it
It was approved by the House of Representatives but the Senate rejected it.

11. Statehood for California
1849 – California applied to join the Union
California’s constitution forbade slavery
This surprised the south – they assumed it would enter as a slave state because most of it lay south of the Missouri Compromise Line.
South saw this as an attack on their Southern way of life.

12. The Senate Debates
The issue of slavery was hotly debated in the Senate in 1849.
The South threatened secession – the formal withdrawal of a state from the Union.

13. And Now a Little Intermission…

14. Clay’s Compromise: Henry Clay worked day and night to find a common ground – this became known as The Compromise of 1850
California admitted as a free state
Popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico
Fugitive Slave Act – required people in the free states to help capture and return escaped slaves.

15. Resistance Against Slavery
Some Northerners refused to follow the fugitive slave law
Underground Railroad – secret network of people who would aid fugitive slaves in their escape.
Harriet Tubman – most famous “conductor” – former slave – she returned to the South 19 times and escorted nearly 300 people to freedom in the North.

16. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe - novel made slavery not only a political struggle but a moral struggle.

17. Tension in Kansas - Nebraska
Kansas-Nebraska Act- Bill introduced in Congress by Sen. Stephen Douglas to divide the area into two territories: Nebraska in the north and Kansas in the South.
This would repeal the Missouri Compromise and establish popular sovereignty for both territories.
After months of bitter debate the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed

18. "Come on, then, gentlemen of the slave states
"Come on, then, gentlemen of the slave states. Since there is no escaping your challenge, we accept it in the name of freedom. We will engage in competition for the virgin soil of Kansas, and God give the victory to the side which is stronger in numbers, as it is in right."
-- Senator William Seward, on the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, May 1854

19. “Bleeding Kansas”
“border ruffians” – from Missouri voted illegally – won the election and set up a government
Abolitionists were furious and organized a rival government
Violence erupts
Homes looted, buildings burned, printing presses destroyed

20. “Bleeding Kansas”
John Brown (Abolitionist)– believed false accounts that five men were killed by a proslavery mob.
He pulled five men from their beds and hacked off their hands and stabbed them.

21. The Beat Down in the Senate
Violence over the issue of slavery spreads to the Senate
Senator Charles Sumner delivered an impassioned speech attacking his colleagues for their support of slavery
An angered nephew of South Carolina’s Sen. Butler entered the chamber and accused Sumner of libel and hit him with his cane repeatedly – Sumner suffered brain damage and didn’t return for three years
 He characterized Douglas to his face as a "noise-some, squat, and nameless animal not a proper model for an American senator."  Andrew Butler, who was not present, received more elaborate treatment.  Mocking the South Carolina senator's stance as a man of chivalry, the Massachusetts senator charged him with taking "a mistress who, though ugly to others, is always lovely to him; though polluted in the sight of the world, is chaste in his sight—I mean," added Sumner, "the harlot, Slavery."  

22. Brooks, Sumner, Butler

23. Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott - a slave from Missouri whose owner had taken him north to the free state of Illinois
Dred sued for his freedom
Supreme Court ruled – slaves did not have the rights of citizens
Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional as it interfered with the rights of property owners to own property

24. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Illinois senate race between Abraham Lincoln and two-time senator Stephen Douglas

25. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Democrat
Republican
Douglas – believed in popular sovereignty to determine slave or free
Slavery was not immoral – it was a backward labor system that would eventually go away with popular sovereignty
Lincoln – slavery is immoral – a labor system based on greed
Need legislation in the territories to stop the spread of slavery
Lincoln lost the election but these debates put him in the national spotlight and people considered him as a candidate for the presidency.

26. Harper’s Ferry
John Brown – ardent abolitionist – led an slave uprising of black and white men in Harper’s Ferry
His goal – seize the federal arsenal, capture arms and start a slave uprising
60 of the town’s citizens were captured in hopes that their slaves would join the uprising

27. Harper’s Ferry No slaves joined the uprising
Local troops killed eight of Brown’s men
Brown was captured and tried for treason and later hanged

28. John Brown being led to his execution.

29. Democratic Party Split on the issue of slavery
Supported states’ rights
Limited government

30. Election of 1860 Three major candidates:
Northern Democrats – Stephen Douglas
Southern Democrats – Vice President Breckinridge
Republicans – Abraham Lincoln
Constitutional Union Party –
John Bell

31. Lincoln Becomes President
Lincoln wins with less than half of the popular vote and no electoral votes from the South
States in the South respond by secession – South Carolina was first

32. Lincoln election is last straw!

33. The Confederacy is Born
Delegates from the seven secessionist states met in Montgomery, Alabama to form the Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis is elected president
The confederate constitution was similar to the U.S. Constitution but it specifically protected and recognized slavery and stated that states were sovereign and independent.

35. The Big Question…
Would the North allow the South to leave the Union without a fight?

36. The War Begins at Fort Sumter
The Confederacy ordered that Fort Sumter be turned over to them or face attack.
Jefferson Davis ordered an attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 and it was surrendered to the South
33 hours of shelling
Virginia seceded – they were unwilling to fight other southerners – by May the confederacy consisted of 11 states

37. Major Causes of the Civil War
Differences between North and South
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Violence - Kansas-Nebraska/ Harper’s Ferry
Legality - Dred Scott Decision
Lincoln’s Election/Secession

38. Your Assignment…15 Pts
Create a poem or mnemonic device to help you remember the causes of the Civil War.
Here’s an Example:
My Nice New Car Needs Re Painted. Maybe Dark Violet? No Shiny Gold! The Original 13 States: Massachusetts New Hampshire New York Connecticut New Jersey Rhode Island Pennsylvania Maryland Delaware Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia